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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8964</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2023.056</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-116</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-лабораторные предикторы тяжелой внебольничной пневмонии у детей до четырех лет</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and laboratory predictors of severe community-acquired pneumonia in children under four years of age</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козырев</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozyrev</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабаченко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babachenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартенс</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martens</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тян</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tian</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of the Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of the Federal Medical Biological Agency; Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И. И. Мечникова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И. И. Мечникова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of the Federal Medical Biological Agency; Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>152</fpage><lpage>158</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Козырев Е.А., Бабаченко И.В., Орлов А.В., Мартенс Э.А., Никитина Е.В., Тян Н.С., Орлова Е.Д., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Козырев Е.А., Бабаченко И.В., Орлов А.В., Мартенс Э.А., Никитина Е.В., Тян Н.С., Орлова Е.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kozyrev E.A., Babachenko I.V., Orlov A.V., Martens E.A., Nikitina E.V., Tian N.S., Orlova E.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/116">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/116</self-uri><abstract><p>Внебольничная пневмония (ВП) — одна из ведущих причин заболеваемости и смертности детей. В настоящее время отсутствует единый подход к определению тяжести ВП у детей, что затрудняет ее раннюю диагностику и терапию. Целью работы было определить клинико-лабораторные предикторы тяжелой ВП у детей до четырех лет. У 72 госпитализированных с ВП детей в возрасте от одного месяца до трех лет 11 месяцев проводили анализ клинических данных, показателей гемограммы, уровня С-реактивного белка с помощью непараметрических методов оценки статистических гипотез, однофакторного корреляционного анализа, кросстабуляции (Statistica 10.0), логистической регрессии и ROC-анализа (SPSS Statistics 20.0). Тяжелая ВП выявлена у 16,7% детей. Причинами тяжести были дыхательная недостаточность (ДН) II и III степени (58,3 и 16,7% случаев соответственно), сепсис (25%). Выявлены значимые клинические предикторы тяжелой ВП: наличие рвоты (отношение шансов OR — 4,2), тахипноэ (OR — 28,3), втяжение уступчивых мест грудной клетки (OR — 6), синдром бронхообструкции (БОС; OR — 4) и отсутствие ринита (OR — 0,21). Изолированная оценка показателей гемограммы и уровня С-реактивного белка не позволяла прогнозировать степень тяжести ВП. Построена модель прогнозирования тяжелой ВП у детей до четырех лет, включающая наличие ринита, тахипноэ, количество лейкоцитов (чувствительность и специфичность — 91,7%). Таким образом, на современном этапе основной причиной тяжести ВП у детей до четырех лет является ДН, в патогенезе которой преобладает БОС. Физикальное обследование с оценкой синдромов ринита и ДН остается ведущим в диагностике тяжелой ВП. Модель прогнозирования тяжелой ВП может способствовать оптимизации тактики лечения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is no common approach to determination of CAP severity in children, which hampers early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The study was aimed to determine clinical and laboratory predictors of severe CAP in children under 4 years of age. Analysis of clinical data, parameters of complete blood count (CBC), C-reactive protein (CRP) using nonparametric methods for hypothesis testing, univariate correlation analysis, cross-tabulation (Statistica 10.0), logistic regression, and ROC analysis (SPSS Statistics 20.0) was performed in 72 children aged 1 month to 3 years 11 months admitted to hospital due to CAP. Severe CAP was diagnosed in 16.7% of children. Causes of severe CAP included respiratory distress (moderate — 58.3%, severe — 16.7% of cases) and sepsis (25%). We identified significant clinical predictors of severe CAP: vomiting (OR 4.2), tachypnea (OR 28.3), chest wall retractions (OR 6), wheezing (OR 4), and the absence of rhinitis (OR 0.21). Isolated assessment of the CBC and CRP did not allow to predict CAP severity. We have developed a prediction model predicting severe CAP in children under 4 years of age based on the presence of rhinitis, tachypnea, as well as leukocyte count (sensitivity and specificity 91.7%). Thus, currently the main cause of severe CAP in children under 4 years of age is respiratory distress, in which wheezing predominates. Physical examination with an emphasis on detection of rhinitis and respiratory distress is essential for diagnosing severe CAP. The use of a pneumonia severity prediction model may contribute to improvement of management of CAP in patients under 4 years of age.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>внебольничная пневмония</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>оценка тяжести</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd><kwd>предиктор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>community-acquired pneumonia</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>severity assessment</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd><kwd>predictor</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. Revised WHO Classification and Treatment of Childhood Pneumonia at Health Facilities: Evidence Summaries. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2014; 34 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. Revised WHO Classification and Treatment of Childhood Pneumonia at Health Facilities: Evidence Summaries. 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