mesЭкстремальная биомедицинаExtreme Medicine3033-89643033-8972Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.47183/mes.2023.052mes-119Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕORIGINAL RESEARCHСтруктура острых отравлений химической этиологии в мегаполисе на фоне пандемии COVID-19 в 2020–2021 гг.Patterns of acute chemical poisonings in a metropolis against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020–2021СолонинС. А.SoloninS. A.

Сергей Александрович Солонин

Б. Сухаревская пл., д. 3, стр. 1, г. Москва, 129090

Moscow

БеловаМ. В.BelovaM. V.

Москва

Moscow

ТерешкинаН. Е.TereshkinaN. E.

Москва

Moscow

КашолкинаЕ. А.KasholkinaE. A.

Москва

Moscow

ТюринИ. А.TyurinI. A.

Москва

Moscow

ГодковМ. А.GodkovM. A.

Москва

Moscow

ПоцхверияМ. М.PotskhveriyaM. M.

Москва

Moscow

Научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени Н. В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения города МосквыРоссияSklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, Moscow Health DepartmentRussian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени Н. В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы; Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияSklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, Moscow Health DepartmentRussian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи имени Н. В. Склифосовского Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы; Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияSklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, Moscow Health DepartmentRussian Federation202325102024254174183Copyright © Солонин С.А., Белова М.В., Терешкина Н.Е., Кашолкина Е.А., Тюрин И.А., Годков М.А., Поцхверия М.М., 20242024Солонин С.А., Белова М.В., Терешкина Н.Е., Кашолкина Е.А., Тюрин И.А., Годков М.А., Поцхверия М.М.Solonin S.A., Belova M.V., Tereshkina N.E., Kasholkina E.A., Tyurin I.A., Godkov M.A., Potskhveriya M.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/119

Распространение COVID-19 в России обусловило проведение ограничительных мероприятий. Связанная с ними стрессовая ситуация оказала заметное психоэмоциональное воздействие на население, что не могло не отразиться на эпидемиологии острых отравлений химической этиологии (ООХЭ). Целью исследования было изучить структуру ООХЭ в Москве в условиях пандемии COVID-19. Проанализированы данные обследования лиц, поступивших с ООХЭ в НИИ СП имени Н. В. Склифосовского в 2019–2021 гг., с учетом динамики выявляемости СОVID-19 методом ОТ-ПЦР. Для статистической обработки результатов использовали непараметрические методы и программное обеспечение GraphPad Prism 9. В 2020 г. количество госпитализированных с ООХЭ было наибольшим за анализируемый период. По сравнению с 2019 г. число острых отравлений (ОО) этанолом и его суррогатами в 2020 г. у лиц обоего пола возросло на 109,7%, у женщин — на 286,2%. У мужчин чаще (р < 0,0001) регистрировали также ОО наркотиками и разъедающими веществами. Число случаев ОО наркотиками в 2019–2021 гг. менялось незначительно, увеличиваясь на 2,4 и 6,7% ежегодно. Преобладали синтетические наркотические вещества: метадон, катиноны, психостимуляторы, а также смеси веществ. Выявлены соответствие тенденций помесячной динамики интоксикаций этанолом с выявляемостью COVID-19 и отсутствие такового при отравлениях наркотиками. Установлены характерные особенности структуры ООХЭ в столице на фоне пандемии COVID-19: рост числа ОО, связанных со злоупотреблением алкоголем (особенно у женщин), при сравнительно стабильном уровне ОО, обусловленных наркопотреблением.

The spread of COVID-19 in Russia has led to restrictive measures. The stress associated therewith had a noticeable psychoemotional effect on the population, which could not but affect the numbers and patterns of acute chemical poisonings (ACP). This study aimed to investigate the patterns of ACP in Moscow in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed data describing cases admitted with ACP to N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine in 2019–2021, factoring in the dynamics COVID-19 prevalence as diagnosed with RT-PCR tests. The results of the analysis were processed using nonparametric methods and GraphPad Prism 9 software. Within the considered period, 2020 was the peak year. The number of acute poisonings (AP) with ethanol and its surrogates in 2020 was 109.7% greater than in 2019 (both sexes; the figure for women alone was 286.2%). Male patients suffered AP with drugs and corrosive substances more often than female (p < 0.0001). The number of drug abuse cases in 2019–2021 varied slightly, increasing by 2.4 and 6.7% annually. Synthetic narcotic substances were most common: methadone, cathinones, psychostimulants, and mixtures of substances. We discovered parallel trends in dynamics of ethanol intoxication and COVID-19 cases, and no such between drug poisonings and the said morbidity. Thus, the identified specifics of ACP patterns in the capital of Russia associated with the COVID-19 pandemic are a spike in alcohol abuse (especially among women), and lack of noticeable effect of the disease on use of drugs.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.