mesЭкстремальная биомедицинаExtreme Medicine3033-89643033-8972Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.47183/mes.2023.059mes-12Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWОсобенности течения энцефалитов после перенесенной новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19The specifics of encephalitis after COVID-19БобровМ. П.BobrovM. P.

Максим Павлович Бобров

Волоколамское ш., д. 91, г. Москва, 125371

Moscow

ВойтенковВ. Б.VoitenkovV. B.

Москва

Санкт-Петербург

Moscow

St. Petersburg

ЕкушеваЕ. В.EkushevaE V

Москва

Белгород

Moscow

Belgorod 

КипарисоваЕ. С.KiparisovaE S

Москва

Moscow

Академия постдипломного образования Федерального научно-клинического центра специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияPostgraduate Education Academy of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Medical Biological AgencyRussian FederationАкадемия постдипломного образования Федерального научно-клинического центра специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней ФМБА РоссииРоссияPostgraduate Education Academy of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency; Pediatric Research and Clinical Center of Infectious Diseases, Federal Medical Biological AgencyRussian FederationАкадемия постдипломного образования Федерального научно-клинического центра специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университетРоссияPostgraduate Education Academy of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency; Belgorod State National Research UniversityRussian Federation20232010202425459Copyright © Бобров М.П., Войтенков В.Б., Екушева Е.В., Кипарисова Е.С., 20242024Бобров М.П., Войтенков В.Б., Екушева Е.В., Кипарисова Е.С.Bobrov M.P., Voitenkov V.B., Ekusheva E.V., Kiparisova E.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/12

Энцефалиты представляют собой группу острых инфекционных заболеваний, поражающих вещество головного мозга. Они часто приводят к инвалидности или летальному исходу и в связи с этим требуют неотложной медицинской помощи. В статье рассмотрены этиология, патогенез и клиническая картина энцефалитов. Особое внимание уделено течению энцефалитов после пандемии COVID-19. Отмечен рост числа энцефалитов, особенно среди аутоиммунных энцефалитов, энцефалитов, вызванных герпес-вирусами. Вероятно, эта тенденция связана с тем, что взаимодействие вируса COVID-19 с организмом приводит к нарушению работы иммунной системы, что проявляется развитием цитокинового шторма, нейровоспалением и развитием аутоиммунной реакции. Описаны случаи развития COVID-19-зависимого энцефалита. Механизмы проникновения вируса COVID-19 в клетки центральной нервной системы еще не до конца изучены, хотя и существуют гипотезы, что это происходит как транссинаптическим путем через механорецепторы и хеморецепторы респираторной системы в продолговатый мозг, так и через рецепторы ангиотензинпревращающего фермента 2.

Encephalitis is a group of acute infectious diseases affecting the substance of the brain. They often lead to disability or death, and, therefore, require urgent medical attention. The article discusses the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical picture of encephalitis, with special attention to the course of this disease after the COVID-19 pandemic. We note the growing number of encephalitis cases, especially of autoimmune variety and those caused by herpes. The possible reason behind this trend is the disruption of operation of the immune system brought by COVID-19, which manifests as a cytokine storm, neuroinflammation, and autoimmune reactions. There are cases of COVID-19-dependent encephalitis described. The pathways taken by SARS-CoV-2 to penetrate into the cells of the central nervous system have not yet been fully studied, although there are hypotheses that this happens both trans-synaptically through mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors of the respiratory system into the medulla oblongata, and through receptors of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.