mesЭкстремальная биомедицинаExtreme Medicine3033-89643033-8972Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.47183/mes.2023.019mes-125Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWПодходы к разработке дендритноклеточных и неоантигенных противоопухолевых вакцинApproaches to the development of the dendritic cell and neoantigen-based antitumor vaccinesБугаев-МакаровскийН. А.Bugaev-MakarovskiyN. A.

Москва

Moscow

ЕршовП. В.ErshovP. V.

Павел Викторович Ершов

ул. Погодинская, д. 10, стр. 1, г. Москва, 119121

Pavel V. ErshovPogodinskaya, 10, d. 1, Moscow, 119121

pershov@cspfmba.ruВолковаА. Г.VolkovaA. G.

Москва

Moscow

МакароваА. С.MakarovaA. S.

Москва

Moscow

КескиновА. А.KeskinovA. A.

Москва

Moscow

Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияCentre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological AgencyRussian Federation202325102024252515Copyright © Бугаев-Макаровский Н.А., Ершов П.В., Волкова А.Г., Макарова А.С., Кескинов А.А., 20242024Бугаев-Макаровский Н.А., Ершов П.В., Волкова А.Г., Макарова А.С., Кескинов А.А.Bugaev-Makarovskiy N.A., Ershov P.V., Volkova A.G., Makarova A.S., Keskinov A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/125

Среди неинфекционных заболеваний одной из ведущих патологий по количеству пациентов и показателям летальности являются злокачественные новообразования (ЗНО). Для терапии ЗНО есть несколько принципиальных подходов, однако ни один из них не является универсальным и не обладает высоким уровнем клинического ответа. Кроме того, для всех подходов характерно большое количество нежелательных побочных явлений. Наиболее перспективным в настоящее время считают применение иммунотерапии — как самостоятельный подход либо в комбинировании с другими видами терапии. Иммунотерапия обычно представляет собой использование специфичных антител (ингибиторов иммунных контрольных точек) либо применение специальных биопродуктов, таких как дендритные клетки (ДК) и искусственно синтезированные пептиды, например, неоантигены (НА). В обзоре рассмотрены стратегии разработки противоопухолевых вакцин на основе ДК и НА, возможности их усовершенствования и эффективность комбинирования с другими противоопухолевыми препаратами. Представлена также сводка актуальных в настоящее время клинических испытаний ДК- и НА-вакцин с кратким анализом базовых стратегий, достижений и трудностей, с которыми сталкиваются разработчики данного вида вакцин.

Malignant neoplasms occupy a leading place among non-communicable diseases based on the number of patients and mortality rate. There are several fundamental approaches to cancer therapy, however, none of them are universal or show a high level of clinical response. Furthermore, all the approaches are characterized by a large number of adverse side effects. Today, immunotherapy used alone or in combination with other therapies is considered to be the most promising.  Immunotherapy is usually the use of specific antibodies (immune checkpoint inhibitors) or special bioproducts, such as dendritic cells and artificially synthesized peptides, such as neoantigens. The review considers strategies for development of the dendritic cell- and neoantigen-based anticancer vaccines, the possibilities of their improvement and the efficacy of combining with other anticancer drugs. The summary of current trials of the dendritic cell- and neoantigen-based vaccines is provided along with a brief analysis of the basic strategies, achievements and challenges faced by the developers of such vaccines. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.