mesЭкстремальная биомедицинаExtreme Medicine3033-89643033-8972Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.47183/mes.2022.024mes-143Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕORIGINAL RESEARCHИсследование зрительного гнозиса с помощью анализа ЭЭГ-микросостоянийStudying visual gnosis through EEG microstate analysisГуляевС. А.GulyaevS. A.

Сергей Александрович Гуляев

ул. Островитянова, д. 1, стр. 10, г. Москва

Sergey A. Gulyaev

Ostrovitianova, 1, str, 10, Moscow

s.gulyaev73@gmail.comФедеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Инженерно-физический институт биомедицины Национального исследовательского ядерного университета «МИФИ»РоссияFederal Center for Brain and Neurotechnologies of Federal Medical and Biological Agency; Institute for Physics and Engineering in Biomedicine, National Research Nuclear University MEPhIRussian Federation2022261020242431926Copyright © Гуляев С.А., 20242024Гуляев С.А.Gulyaev S.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/143

Объективная диагностика мыслительных процессов человека представляет собой важную проблему современных нейрофизиологических исследований. Целью исследования было разработать систему анализа процессов зрительного гнозиса как модели высшей нервной функции. Обследовано 30 человек в возрасте 30–60 лет, не имеющих острых заболеваний или обострений хронических заболеваний, а также выраженных проблем со зрением. Анализ электроэнцефалограмм включал подавление артефактной ЭЭГ-активности, кластеризацию с выделением отдельных ЭЭГ-микросостояний согласно выбранной модели и последующим установлением локализации основного источника активности, формирующего ЭЭГ-микросостояние, посредством алгоритмов решения обратной задачи ЭЭГ пакета программ eLORETA. При тесте на зрительный гнозис с рассматриванием письменных знаков активность была зарегистрирована над большим числом полей Бродмана, чем в состоянии пассивного расслабленного бодрствования, и затрагивала поля Бродмана 18 и 19 (11 и 45% соответственно), ответственных за зрительное восприятие образов, 39-е поле — дополнительную часть области Вернике (6%), а также структуры премоторной и префронтальных областей (поля 6–11) (до 11%) при (p < 0,001; тест хи-квадрат Пирсона). Микросостояния, определяемые во время пребывания обследуемого в состоянии расслабленного бодрствования и при выполнении зрительной нагрузки, не представляют собой идентичные феномены, а являются градуированными производными кластерного анализа в рамках используемой математической модели. Решения обратной ЭЭГ-задачи на конечном этапе исследования позволяют определить усредненные последовательности ритмической активности, связанные с реализацией функции зрительного гнозиса.

Objective diagnostic assessment of the human thought processes is an important issue of modern neurophysiology. The study was aimed to develop a system to analyze visual gnostic processes as a model of higher nervous function. A total of 30 people aged 30–60 having no acute disorders, exacerbations of chronic disorders or significant vision problems were examined. Electroencephalography analysis included EEG artifact removal, clustering and distinguishing specific EEG microctates according to the selected model with subsequent localization of the main source of activity, that had generated the EEG microstate, through the algorithms for solving the inverse EEG problem implemented in the sLORETA software package. When running the visual gnosis test (looking at written symbols), activity was recorded within a larger number of Brodmann areas compared to the state of relaxed wakefulness. Activity was detected within Brodmann areas 18 and 19 (11 and 45%, respectively) responsible for visual perception of images, area 39 being a part of Wernicke's area (6%), and the structures of premotor and prefrontal areas (areas 6–11) (up to 11%) (p < 0.001; Pearson's chi-squared test). Microstates defined when a subject is in a state of relaxed wakefulness or under visual load are not identical. Rather these are gauge derivatives of clustering in the context of used mathematical model. Solving the inverse EEG problem at the final stage of the study makes it possible to define the average sequences of rhythmic activity associated with realization of visual gnostic function.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.