mesЭкстремальная биомедицинаExtreme Medicine3033-89643033-8972Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.47183/mes.2021.031mes-154Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWАнтенатальная и ранняя постнатальная этиологическая верификация актуальных врожденных вирусных инфекцийAntenatal and early postnatal etiological verification of relevant congenital viral infectious diseasesВасильевВ. В.VasilyevV. V.

ул. Профессора Попова, д. 9. г. Санкт-Петербург, 197022

Professora Popova, 9, St. Petersburg, 197022

ГриневаА. А.GrinevaA. A.

Александра Александровна Гринева

ул. Профессора Попова, д. 9. г. Санкт-Петербург, 197022

Alexandra A. Grineva

Professora Popova, 9, St. Petersburg, 197022

a.a.grineva@gmail.comРогозинаН. В.RogozinaN. V.

ул. Профессора Попова, д. 9. г. Санкт-Петербург, 197022

Professora Popova, 9, St. Petersburg, 197022

ИвановаР. А.IvanovaR. A.

ул. Профессора Попова, д. 9. г. Санкт-Петербург, 197022

Professora Popova, 9, St. Petersburg, 197022

УшаковаГ. М.UshakovaG. M.

ул. Профессора Попова, д. 9. г. Санкт-Петербург, 197022

Professora Popova, 9, St. Petersburg, 197022

Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Северо-западный государственный медицинский университет имени И. И. МечниковаРоссияPediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases; Mechnikov North-Western State Medical UniversityRussian FederationДетский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияPediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious DiseasesRussian FederationДетский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университетРоссияPediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases; St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical UniversityRussian FederationДетский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени И. П. ПавловаРоссияPediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical UniversityRussian Federation20212710202423398105Copyright © Васильев В.В., Гринева А.А., Рогозина Н.В., Иванова Р.А., Ушакова Г.М., 20242024Васильев В.В., Гринева А.А., Рогозина Н.В., Иванова Р.А., Ушакова Г.М.Vasilyev V.V., Grineva A.A., Rogozina N.V., Ivanova R.A., Ushakova G.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/154

Неспецифичность клинико-лабораторных и инструментальных проявлений врожденных инфекционных заболеваний, в том числе вирусной природы, многообразие методов этиологической верификации возбудителей определяют как необходимость выбора оптимальных подходов к диагностике этой патологии, так и целесообразность обследования на широкий спектр этиологических агентов при подозрении на врожденные вирусные инфекции. На основании анализа действующих рекомендаций профессиональных сообществ, международных консенсусов специалистов, результатов отдельных опубликованных исследований показано, что ключевым способом этиологической верификации широко распространенных вирусных инфекций в антенатальном периоде является выявление генетического материала возбудителей при амнио-, кордоцентезе (для цитомегаловирусной и парвовирусной инфекций), в родовых путях (для герпетической инфекции). В постнатальном периоде наряду с молекулярно-генетическим исследованием проводят серологическую диагностику с определением специфических иммуноглобулинов классов M и G и индекса их авидности.

Nonspecificity of clinical, laboratory and instrumental manifestations of congenital infectious diseases, including viral infections, and the diversity of methods for etiological verification of pathogens define both the need to choose the optimal approaches to the diagnosis of this pathology, and the feasibility of testing for a broad range of etiologic agents in case of suspected congenital viral infection. The analysis of current guidelines, international consensus documents issued by specialists, and published results of some studies has shown that identification of the genetic material of the pathogen with the use of amniocentesis/ cordocentesis (for cytomegalovirus and parvovirus infections) or in the birth canal (for herpes simplex infection) is the key method for antenatal etiological verification of the widespread viral infections. During the postnatal period, molecular genetic testing is combined with serological diagnosis involving determining specific immunoglobulins M and G, as well as their avidity index.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.