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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8964</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2023.015</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-161</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка влияния хронического облучения на преждевременное старение Т-лимфоцитов человека на основе нестабильных хромосомных аберраций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the effect of chronic exposure on premature aging of human T-lymphocytes based on unstable chromosome aberrations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Возилова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vozilova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александра Владимировна Возиловаул. Воровского, д. 68 А, г. Челябинск, 454141</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra V. VozilovaVorovsky, 68 A, Chelyabinsk, 454141</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ozilova@urcrm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>85</fpage><lpage>90</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Возилова А.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Возилова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vozilova A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/161">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/161</self-uri><abstract><p>Более 60 лет жители прибрежных сел реки Теча подвержены хроническому сочетанному облучению в широком диапазоне доз. Критический орган при облучении — красный костный мозг (ККМ). Целью работы было оценить влияние хронического облучения жителей Южного Урала на преждевременное старение Т-лимфоцитов на основе частоты нестабильных обменных аберраций хромосом. Маркером клеточного старения была повышенная частота дицентриков и колец в Т-клетках облученных лиц (дозы на красный костный мозг — 0,5–2,5 Гр). Сформированы три возрастные подгруппы (40–59 лет, 60–69 лет, 70–79 лет) среди облученных и необлученных лиц. Подгруппы облученных лиц по дозам на ККМ достоверно не различались. Нестабильные хромосомные аберрации (НХА) в клетках облученных лиц отмечены достоверно чаще, чем в группе сравнения (р = 0,04). Достоверно повышенную частоту хромосомных аберраций выявили у облученных доноров в возрасте 40–59 лет при сравнении с необлученными донорами такого же возраста. В двух других возрастных периодах различий нет. Только у необлученных доноров выявили возрастную динамику увеличения хромосомных аберраций. Хроническое облучение оказывает опосредованное влияние на преждевременное старение Т-лимфоцитов: 1) достоверно повышена частота НХА у облученных лиц в отдаленные сроки; 2) выявлено увеличение цитогенетического показателя у облученных лиц в возрасте 40–59 лет по сравнению с лицами, не подвергавшимися аварийному облучению. Отсутствие динамики увеличения дицентриков и колец в старших возрастных группах у облученных лиц может быть обусловлено особенностью критериев для включения доноров в цитогенетическое исследование. В старшем возрасте критерии могут способствовать включению лиц с радиорезистентными характеристиками.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>For more than 60 years, residents of the villages on the Techa River have been chronically exposed to combined radiation, receiving a wide range of doses. Red bone marrow (RBM) is the critical system in the exposure conditions. This study aimed to assess the effect of chronic exposure on premature aging of T-lymphocytes  based on the frequency of unstable chromosome aberrations; the subjects were the residents of the Southern Urals that have been chronically exposed to  radiation. The increased frequency of occurrence of dicentrics and rings in T-cells of the exposed persons was the marker of cellular aging, with the associated doses to the red bone marrow (RBM dose) at 0.5–2.5 Gy. The participants (RBM donors), both exposed and non-exposed, were divided into three age subgroups:  40–59 years old, 60–69 years old, 70–79 years old. The differences in the RBM dose among the exposed individuals were insignificant. In the exposed group, unstable chromosome aberrations (UCA) were recorded significantly more often than in the control group (p = 0.04). The age group of 40–59 years was the one where the exposed donors had significantly more frequently occurring chromosome aberrations compared to the non-exposed participants. There were no such differences registered in other age groups. The age-associated increase of the amount of chromosome aberrations was registered in the non-exposed group only.  Chronic exposure to radiation indirectly promotes premature aging of T-lymphocytes: 1) in the long term, the exposed individuals had UCA significantly more often; 2) compared to the control group, the 40–59 years age subgroup of the exposed group had increased cytogenetic index. In the context of this study, the number of dicentrics and rings was not registered as increasing in the older age subgroups of exposed individuals, which may be due to the specifics of the donor inclusion criteria, which, for the elderly, may favor radioresistant individuals.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нестабильные хромосомные аберрации</kwd><kwd>дицентрики</kwd><kwd>кольца</kwd><kwd>река Теча</kwd><kwd>старение Т-лимфоцитов</kwd><kwd>хроническое радиационное воздействие</kwd><kwd>Южный Урал</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>unstable chromosome aberrations</kwd><kwd>dicentrics</kwd><kwd>rings</kwd><kwd>Techa River</kwd><kwd>aging of T-lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>chronic radiation exposure</kwd><kwd>Southern Urals</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке ФМБА РФ, в рамках выполнения НИР по Гос. заданию.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the work supported financially by the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia as part of the research effort under the State Assignment.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аклеев А. 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