mesЭкстремальная биомедицинаExtreme Medicine3033-89643033-8972Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.47183/mes.2022.008mes-163Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWДендримеры PAMAM и перспективы их применения в медицинеPAMAM dendrimers and prospects of their application in medicineПоповаЕ. В.PopovaE. V.

Елена Викторовна Попова,

д. 1, корп. 3, литера Р, ул. Бехтерева, г. Санкт-Петербург, 192019.

Elena Viktorovna Popova,

1, korp. 3, litera R, Bekhtereva str., St. Petersburg, 192019.

arabka2008@mail.ruКриворотовД. В.KrivorotovD. V.

Ленинградская область.

Leningrad region.

ГамазковР. В.GamazkovR. V.

Ленинградская область.

Leningrad region.

РадиловА. С.RadilovA. S.

Ленинградская область.

Leningrad region.

Научно-исследовательский институт гигиены, профпатологии и экологии человека Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияResearch Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology of the Federal Medical Biological AgencyRussian Federation2022271020242412128Copyright © Попова Е.В., Криворотов Д.В., Гамазков Р.В., Радилов А.С., 20242024Попова Е.В., Криворотов Д.В., Гамазков Р.В., Радилов А.С.Popova E.V., Krivorotov D.V., Gamazkov R.V., Radilov A.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/163

Разработка систем доставки лекарственных веществ на основе разветвленных биосовместимых полимеров — одно из наиболее перспективных направлений современной нанофармацевтики. Исследования в данной области ведут уже не одно десятилетие, а их результаты активно внедряют в производство. Дендримеры — новый класс универсальных синтетических полимеров с поверхностью высокой степени функциональности, — обладают уникальными свойствами: постоянством размера, высокой степенью разветвления, многовалентностью, растворимостью в воде, четко определенной молекулярной массой, наличием внутренних полостей. С выпуском первого коммерческого продукта на основе дендримера — геля VivaSol, «модельный ряд» дендримерных носителей существенно разросся. Поли(амид)аминовые дендримеры, состоящие из алкилдиаминового ядра и третичных аминовых ветвей, считают одними из наиболее перспективных соединений для разработки препаратов нового поколения. Однако их клиническая адаптация долгое время была ограничена вследствие их токсичности, неопределенности поведения в живых системах и фармакокинетического профиля, а также сложности в подборе терапевтической дозы. В обзоре представлены основные сведения о дендримерах PAMAM и сделана попытка оценить перспективы их применения в терапии различных заболеваний, в том числе COVID-19.

Development of drug delivery systems based on branched biocompatible polymers is one of the most promising areas of modern nanopharmaceutics. Researchers have been exploring this area several decades now, and the results of their efforts quickly find their way into production. Dendrimers, a new class of universal synthetic polymers with a highly functional surface, have a number of unique properties: constant size, high degree of branching, multivalence, solubility in water, definite molecular weight, internal cavities. With the release of VivaSol gel, the first dendrimer-based commercialized product, the "model range" of dendrimer carriers has grown significantly. Poly(amide-amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, which consist of an alkyldiamine core and tertiary amine branches, are believed to be among the most promising compounds that can be used in the development of the new generation drugs. However, they were kept out of the list of clinically acceptable compounds for a long time because of their toxicity, unclear behavior in living systems and pharmacokinetic profile, as well the difficulties associated with establishing a therapeutic dose. This review presents basic information about PAMAM dendrimers and attempts to assess the prospects of their application in treatment of various diseases, including COVID-19.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.