mesЭкстремальная биомедицинаExtreme Medicine3033-89643033-8972Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.47183/mes.2022.020mes-196Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕORIGINAL RESEARCHДинамика гуморального иммунного ответа к SARS-CoV-2 в профессионально однородной группе людей за двухлетний эпидемический период COVID-19Dynamics of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the professionally homogeneous group of people over a two-year period of COVID-19 outbreakПомеловаВ. Г.PomelovaV. G.

Вера Гавриловна Помелова

Волоколамское шоссе, д. 75, корпус 1, г. Москва, 125424

Vera G. Pomelova

Volokolamskoe shosse, 75, corp. 1, Moscow, 125424

v.pomelova@immunoscreen.ruБыченковаТ. А.BychenkovaT. A.

г. Москва

Moscow

БекманН. И.BekmanN. I.

г. Москва

Moscow

ОсинН. С.OsinN. S.

г. Москва

Moscow

ИшковЮ. Н.IshkovYu. N.

г. Москва

Moscow

СтяжкинК. К.StyazhkinK. K.

г. Москва

Moscow

Государственный научно-исследовательский институт биологического приборостроения Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияState Research Institute of Biological Instrumentation of the Federal Medical Biological AgencyRussian Federation2022281020242425664Copyright © Помелова В.Г., Быченкова Т.А., Бекман Н.И., Осин Н.С., Ишков Ю.Н., Стяжкин К.К., 20242024Помелова В.Г., Быченкова Т.А., Бекман Н.И., Осин Н.С., Ишков Ю.Н., Стяжкин К.К.Pomelova V.G., Bychenkova T.A., Bekman N.I., Osin N.S., Ishkov Y.N., Styazhkin K.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/196

Для оперативного мониторинга состояния системы иммунитета при COVID-19 важно контролировать уровень специфичных IgG к SARS-CoV-2. Однако неясно, какой уровень антител и насколько долго может обеспечить защиту от нового заражения. Целью работы было оценить в двухлетнем контролируемом обследовании динамику уровней IgG к SARS-CoV-2. В исследовании участвовали здоровые лица (n = 70), переболевшие COVID-19 (n = 42) и вакцинированные «Спутником V» (n = 43). Период наблюдения: апрель 2020 г. — апрель 2022 г. IgG выявляли в сыворотке крови (n = 312) на иммуночипе и в коммерческом тесте. Достоверность различий оценивали по критерию Манна–Уитни для р ≤ 0,05. Уровни IgG у переболевших (медиана 97,1; 95% ДИ: 80–162 BAU/мл) и вакцинированных (103,1; 78–139 BAU/мл) были достоверно выше, чем у здоровых людей (4,3; 4,1–4,5 BAU/мл). Напряженность иммунного ответа значительно возрастала после вакцинации переболевших (до 1023; 657–1191 BAU/мл) или введения бустера вакцинированным (413; 213–545 BAU/мл). У реконвалесцентов старшего возраста (60+) уровень IgG достоверно выше, у вакцинированных — достоверно ниже, чем у людей моложе 60. IgG у вакцинированных снижались быстрее (через 3–4 месяца), чем у переболевших, а через 5–9 месяцев стабилизировались на уровне <100 BAU/мл у 60% обследованных. Таким образом, показатели напряженности и продолжительности иммунного ответа у переболевших COVID-19 и вакцинированных людей сильно варьируют в зависимости от возраста, срока наблюдения, дополнительной вакцинации / ревакцинации. За весь период наблюдений отмечено три случая заболевания после полного цикла вакцинации, в том числе у ранее переболевшего (а затем вакцинированного) человека.

It is important to control the levels of specific IgG against SARS-CoV-2 to ensure the timely monitoring of immunity in patients with COVID-19. Yet it is unclear what antibody levels protect against new infection and how long the protection is maintained. The study was aimed to assess the dynamic changes in the levels of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 by the two-year controlled observation. Healthy individuals (n = 70), COVID-19 survivors (n = 42), and people vaccinated with Sputnik V (n = 43) were enrolled. They were followed-up from April 2020 to April 2022. Serum IgG levels were defined (n = 312) using immunochip and the commercially available test system. Significance of differences was estimated using the Mann–Whitney U test for р ≤ 0.05. IgG levels in the disease survivors (median 97.1; 95% CI: 80–162 BAU/mL) and vaccinated individuals (103.1; 78–139 BAU/mL) were significantly higher than in healthy people (4.3; 4.1–4.5 BAU/mL). Intensity of immune response significantly increased after vaccination of the disease survivors (up to 1023; 657–1191 BAU/mL) or administration of booster dose to vaccinated individuals (413; 213–545 BAU/mL). In elderly convalescents (60+), IgG levels were significantly higher, and in vaccinated people these were significantly lower, than in people under the age of 60. IgG levels decreased faster in vaccinated individuals (after 3–4 months), than in the disease survivors, and stabilized at <100 BAU/mL in 60% of subjects within 5–9 months. Thus, intensity and duration of immune response in COVID-19 survivors and vaccinated people vary significantly depending on age, observation period, and additional vaccinations/revaccinations. Three cases of infection after full vaccination were reported over the entire follow-up period, including infection in a patient having a history of the disease and subsequent vaccination.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.