mesЭкстремальная биомедицинаExtreme Medicine3033-89643033-8972Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.47183/mes.2022.036mes-220Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕORIGINAL RESEARCHМетаболическая активность иммунокомпетентных клеток в оценке индивидуальной холодовой чувствительностиMetabolic activity of immunocompetent cells in assessment of individual cold sensitivityПатракееваВ. П.PatrakeevaV. P.

Вероника Павловна Патракеева

наб. Северной Двины, д. 23, г. Архангельск, 163000

Veronika P. Patrakeeva

Naberezhnaya Severnoi Dviny, 23, Arkhangelsk, 163000

patrakeewa.veronika@yandex.ruШтаборовВ. А.SchtaborovV. A.

Архангельск

Arkhangelsk

Институт физиологии природных адаптаций Федеральный исследовательский центр комплексного изучения Арктики имени Н. П. Лавёрова Уральского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияN. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202229102024244102106Copyright © Патракеева В.П., Штаборов В.А., 20242024Патракеева В.П., Штаборов В.А.Patrakeeva V.P., Schtaborov V.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/220

Центральную роль в адаптации организма человека к холоду играет быстрое включение переходных краткосрочных реакций, которые участвуют в корректировке гомеостаза, необходимой для приспособления к низкотемпературной среде. Сеть сигнальных путей и регуляторы метаболизма обеспечивают достаточную пластичность работы клеток иммунной системы, нормальное функционирование которой крайне важно для успешной адаптации организма человека. Энергообеспеченность иммунокомпетентных клеток дает возможность формирования адекватного иммунного ответа на воздействие любого негативного фактора, обеспечения адаптационных функциональных перестроек. Целью работы было изучить варианты путей метаболической активности иммунокомпетентных клеток в формировании индивидуальной холодовой чувствительности. Проведено обследование 180 человек в возрасте 25–55 лет (130 женщин, 50 мужчин) до и после кратковременного общего охлаждения. В периферической крови и лизате клеток иммуноферментным анализом определяли уровни IL10, IL6, TNFα, иризина, трансферрина, sTfR, HIF-1α, Sirt3. В лимфоцитах определяли содержание гликогена (цитохимически) и АТФ (люциферин-люциферазный метод). Снижение уровня лимфоцитов в периферической крови после охлаждения свидетельствует о формировании срочной адаптивной реакции и активации гликолитических процессов в клетке на фоне более низкого уровня воспалительной реакции. Повышение уровня лимфоцитов в циркуляции после воздействия холода происходит на фоне активации воспалительных реакций. Для обследованных волонтеров, у которых не было зарегистрировано изменений в уровне лимфоцитов, выявлено более низкое соотношение регуляторов метаболизма HIF-1α/SIRT3, что свидетельствует о преобладании митохондриальной активности при адаптации к холоду.

The rapid switch on of the transient short-term responses involved in adjustment of homeostasis plays a key role in human adaptation to low temperatures that is essential for adjustment to low-temperature environment. The network of signaling pathways together with metabolic regulators provide sufficient plasticity of the cells of immune system, the normal function of which is extremely important for successful human adaptation. Sufficient energy supply to immunocompetent cells makes it possible to form an adequate immune response to any negative factor and to ensure adaptive functional rearrangements. The study was aimed to assess the variants of the immunocompetent cell metabolic pathways involved in acquiring individual cold sensitivity. A total of 180 people aged 25–55 (130 females, 50 males) were assessed before and after the short-term whole body cooling. Enzyme immunoassay was used to define the levels of IL10, IL6, TNFα, irisin, transferrin, sTfR, HIF-1α, Sirt3 in peripheral blood and cell lysate. The levels of glycogen (cytochemical methods) and ATP (luciferin-luciferase assay) in lymphocytes were defined. The decrease in peripheral blood lymphocyte levels after cooling was indicative of the formation of immediate adaptive response and activation of glycolysis amid less intense inflammatory response. The increase in the levels of circulating lymphocytes after the cold esposure was associated with activation of inflammatory responses. The lower ratio of HIF-1α/SIRT3 metabolic regulators was found in the surveyed volunteers who showed no changes in the levels of lymphocytes. This indicated predominance of mitochondrial activity in adaptation to low temperatures.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.