mesЭкстремальная биомедицинаExtreme Medicine2713-27572713-2765Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.47183/mes.2024-26-4-114-122mes-224Research ArticleКОСМИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНАSPACE MEDICINEПерспективные направления мониторинга состояния здоровья человека в условиях длительного космического полетаProspective directions in human health monitoring during long-term spaceflightshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4766-1386ИвановВ. А.IvanovV. A.

Иванов Виктор Андреевич

Москва

Moscow

Ivanov@rcpcm.orghttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4672-2474ШанскийЯ. Д.ShanskyY. D.

Шанский Ярослав Дмитриевич, канд. биол. наук

Москва

Moscow

yar.shansky@rcpcm.orghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7244-5741ПрусаковК. А.PrusakovK. A.

Прусаков Кирилл Александрович

Москва

Moscow

kaprusakov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4408-503XБеспятыхЮ. А.BespyatykhJ. A.

Беспятых Юлия Андреевна, канд. биол. наук

Москва

Moscow

JuliaBes@rcpcm.orghttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6620-7360БасмановД. В.BasmanovD. V.

Басманов Дмитрий Викторович

Москва

Moscow

dmitry.basmanov@niifhm.ruФедеральный научно-клинический центр физико-химической медицины им. академика Ю.М. ЛопухинаРоссияLopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical MedicineRussian FederationФедеральный научно-клинический центр физико-химической медицины им. академика Ю.М. Лопухина; Российский химико-технологический университет имени Д.И. МенделееваРоссияLopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine; Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of RussiaRussian FederationРоссийский химико-технологический университет имени Д.И. МенделееваРоссияLopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical MedicineRussian Federation202430102024264114122Copyright © Иванов В.А., Шанский Я.Д., Прусаков К.А., Беспятых Ю.А., Басманов Д.В., 20242024Иванов В.А., Шанский Я.Д., Прусаков К.А., Беспятых Ю.А., Басманов Д.В.Ivanov V.A., Shansky Y.D., Prusakov K.A., Bespyatykh J.A., Basmanov D.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/224Введение

Введение. В связи с увеличением длительности космических полетов растет и продолжительность пребывания членов экипажа в неблагоприятных условиях микрогравитации, что требует разработки подходов, направленных на диагностику состояния здоровья непосредственно в процессе полета. Данное исследование направлено на поиск и выбор перспективных биологических маркеров, целесообразных для изучения в условиях космического полета.

Цель

Цель. Изучить современное состояние проблемы и определить биохимические и молекулярные маркеры, наиболее перспективные для направления медико-биологических исследований, выполняемых в условиях космического полета.

Результаты

Результаты. Проведен анализ данных литературы, посвященных изучению методов контроля уровня биологических маркеров, характеризующих вызываемые условиями космического полета изменения иммунной, выделительной, репродуктивной систем, опорно-двигательного аппарата и системы свертывания крови.

Выводы

Выводы. В настоящем обзоре рассмотрены данные, касающиеся биологических маркеров, позволяющих контролировать состояние здоровья космонавтов. По мнению коллектива авторов, наиболее перспективными являются белковые маркеры, отражающие перестройку костной ткани. Развивающееся в результате микрогравитации снижение плотности костной ткани потенциально несет риски травматизма, поэтому скрининговая диагностика состояния опорно-двигательной системы является актуальной проблемой лабораторной диагностики. Исходя из данных литературы, наиболее информативными маркерами образования новой костной ткани могут служить P1NP и остеокальцин, а ее лизиса — С-телопептид коллагена, пиридиновые сшивки и тартрат-резистентная кислая фосфатаза.

Introduction

Introduction. The increasing duration of spaceflights and the associated prolonged exposure of space crewmembers to unfavorable microgravity conditions necessitate the development of improved approaches to diagnosing the health status directly during the flight. This study is aimed at searching and selecting promising biological markers suitable for studying directly during spaceflights.

Objective

Objective. To review the current status of the abovementioned problem and to identify biochemical and molecular markers most promising for biomedical research in spaceflight conditions.

Methods

Methods. A literature review of methods currently used for monitoring the level of biological markers characterizing variations in the immune, excretory, reproductive, musculoskeletal, and blood coagulation systems caused by spaceflight conditions was carried out.

Findings

Findings. Data concerning biological markers used for monitoring the health status of space crewmembers were analyzed. The authors argue that protein markers reflecting bone tissue remodeling hold particular promise. The decrease in bone tissue density developed as a result of microgravity carries potential risks of traumatism, thus making screening diagnostics of the state of the musculoskeletal system a key focus of laboratory diagnostics. The conducted literature review suggests that P1NP and osteocalcin may serve as the most informative markers of new bone tissue formation, while collagen C-telopeptide, pyridine cross-links, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase may serve as markers of bone tissue lysis.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.