mesЭкстремальная биомедицинаExtreme Medicine2713-27572713-2765Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.47183/mes.2024-26-4-27-37mes-227Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯCLINICAL PHARMACOLOGYПерспективы применения интраназальных наноразмерных полимерных систем доставки лекарственных препаратов и антидотов в медицине экстремальных ситуацийProspects for the use of intranasal nanoscale polymer delivery systems for drugs and antidotes in extreme medicinehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6056-1983ФедотоваЕ. В.FedotovaE. V.

Федотова (Попова) Елена Викторовна, канд. хим. наук

Ленинградская область; Санкт-Петербург

Leningrad region; St. Petersburg

arabka2008@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6077-2534КриворотовД. В.KrivorotovD. V.

Криворотов Денис Викторович, канд. хим. наук

Ленинградская область

 

Leningrad region

denhome@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0776-7434РадиловА. С.RadilovA. S.

Радилов Андрей Станиславович, д-р. мед. наук, профессор

Ленинградская область

Leningrad region

a.radilov@icloud.comНаучно-исследовательский институт гигиены, профпатологии и экологии человека Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Центр химической инженерии, Университет ИТМОРоссияResearch Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology; Chemical Engineering Center ITMO UniversityRussian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт гигиены, профпатологии и экологии человека Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияResearch Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human EcologyRussian Federation2024011120242642737Copyright © Федотова Е.В., Криворотов Д.В., Радилов А.С., 20242024Федотова Е.В., Криворотов Д.В., Радилов А.С.Fedotova E.V., Krivorotov D.V., Radilov A.S.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/227Введение

Введение. Создание усовершенствованных лекарственных форм антидотов и средств терапии, применение которых возможно не только квалифицированным медицинским персоналом, но и в порядке само- и взаимопомощи, является актуальной задачей медицины экстремальных ситуаций.

Цель

Цель. Оценка возможности применения наноразмерных полимерных систем доставки лекарственных средств и антидотов, предназначенных для введения в носовую полость (интраназально), в медицине экстремальных ситуаций.

Обсуждение

Обсуждение. В ходе исследования были выделены основные полимерные носители субмикронного размера, которые являются перспективными для дальнейшего возможного создания интраназальной формы антидотов. На биодоступность доставляемого вещества влияют физико-химические характеристики самого носителя, условия его получения, а также физиологические и анатомические факторы. Представлены данные о возможных способах коррекции указанных факторов с целью повышения биодоступности. Вторая часть работы посвящена примерам применения полимерных наноносителей в терапии отравлений тяжелыми металлами, компонентами ракетного топлива и поражений, вызванных радиоактивными веществами. Показано, что в некоторых случаях носители (дендримеры, циклодекстрины) могут сами выступать в качестве антидотов. В исследовании представлен перечень антидотов, разрешенных к применению на территории Российской Федерации, для которых возможна с учетом их физико-химических и фармакокинетических свойств разработка интраназальных форм.

Выводы

Выводы. На основании анализа данных литературы предложены наиболее перспективные полимерные носители субмикронного размера для интенсификации назальной доставки лекарственных средств и антидотов: дендримеры, липосомы, нанокапсулы, наночастицы и циклодекстрины. На примере перечня антидотов, разрешенных к применению на территории Российской Федерации, предложен список препаратов, для которых применение данных носителей является перспективным.

Introduction

Introduction. The development of improved formulations of antidotes and remedies, which can be used not only by qualified medical personnel, but also in self- and mutual assistance, is an urgent task for extreme medicine.

Objective

Objective. Evaluation of the possibility of using nanoscale polymer delivery systems for medicines and antidotes intended for intranasal administration (into the nasal cavity) in extreme medicine.

Discussion

Discussion. The main submicron-sized polymer carriers which are promising as the basis for the creation of an intranasal form of antidotes are identified. The bioavailability of the substance delivered is dependent on the physico-chemical properties of the carrier, the conditions for its production, as well as physiological and anatomical factors. Data is presented regarding possible ways of correcting these factors in order to increase bioavailability. Examples of the use of polymer nanocarriers in the treatment of poisoning with heavy metals and rocket fuel components, as well as lesions caused by radioactive substances, are presented. It is shown that carriers (dendrimers, cyclodextrins) can act as antidotes in certain cases. The study presents a list of antidotes approved for use within the territory of the Russian Federation, for which the development of intranasal forms is possible, taking their physico-chemical and pharmacokinetic properties into account.

Conclusions

Conclusions. Following a review of literature sources, the most promising submicron-sized polymer carriers for the intensification of intranasal delivery of drugs and antidotes are herein proposed: dendrimers, liposomes, nanocapsules, nanoparticles, and cyclodextrins. Using the list of antidotes approved for use in the Russian Federation as an example, promising drugs that can be potentially developed on the basis of these carriers are proposed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.