mesЭкстремальная биомедицинаExtreme Medicine3033-89643033-8972Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.47183/mes.2024-26-4-87-97mes-238Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНАCLINICAL MEDICINEИммунотерапия рака легкого: status quo, проблемы и перспективыLung cancer immunotherapy: Status quo, problems, and prospectshttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-4893-2735ОзерскаяЮ. В.OzerskayaIu. V.

Озерская Юлия Вячеславовна

Москва

Moscow

1759317593@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-4889ЮсубалиеваГ. М.YusubalievaG. M.

Юсубалиева Гаухар Маратовна, канд. мед. наук

Москва

Moscow

brill78@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0907-0078ЖуковаО. А.ZhukovaО. А.

Жукова Оксана Анатольевна

Москва

Moscow

oksana.saprikina82@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3385-2632ЗыковК. А.ZykovК. А.

Зыков Кирилл Алексеевич, д-р. мед. наук, профессор

Москва

Moscow

kirillaz@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1039-4245БаклаушевВ. П.BaklaushevV. P.

Баклаушев Владимир Павлович, д-р. мед. наук, доцент

Москва

Moscow

serpoff@mail.ruНаучно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияFederal Pulmonology Research InstituteRussian FederationФедеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияFederal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies; Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical TechnologiesRussian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Федеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Федеральный научно-клинический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи и медицинских технологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. ПироговаРоссияFederal Pulmonology Research Institute; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies; Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian Federation2024211120242648797Copyright © Озерская Ю.В., Юсубалиева Г.М., Жукова О.А., Зыков К.А., Баклаушев В.П., 20242024Озерская Ю.В., Юсубалиева Г.М., Жукова О.А., Зыков К.А., Баклаушев В.П.Ozerskaya I.V., Yusubalieva G.M., Zhukova О.А., Zykov К.А., Baklaushev V.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/238Введение

Введение. Рак легкого является основной причиной онкологической смертности и у мужчин, и у женщин. Ввиду высокой распространенности и значительной частоты рецидивов после стандартной терапии поиск новых методов лечения рака легкого является актуальной задачей. Одним из обнадеживающих направлений стала иммунотерапия, целью которой является активация цитотоксического иммунитета против опухолевых клеток.

Цель

Цель. Оценка клинической эффективности и перспектив безопасного использования иммунотерапии при злокачественных новообразованиях плевральной полости.

Обсуждение

Обсуждение. Внедрение иммунотерапевтических подходов, включающих адоптивную клеточную терапию опухоль-инфильтрирующими лимфоцитами (TIL) или CAR-T- клетками, разработку онковакцин, онколитических вирусов, в комбинации с химиотерапией и блокированием иммунных контрольных точек (ИКТ) показало положительные результаты на стадии доклинических исследований и находится на разных этапах клинических испытаний безопасности и эффективности.

Выводы

Выводы. Иммунотерапия рака легкого является перспективным направлением адъювантной терапии. Клиническая трансляция иммунотерапевтических подходов нуждается в повышении их эффективности и минимизации побочных эффектов путем комбинации различных методов терапии, совершенствования биоинженерных и клеточных препаратов, а также снижения стоимости лечения.

Introduction

Introduction. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in men and women. Due to its high prevalence and significant recurrence rate after standard therapy, the search for new methods of lung cancer treating is an urgent task. A promising treatment strategy is immunotherapy that elicit immune response against tumor cells.

Objective

Objective. Evaluation of the clinical efficacy and prospects for the safe use of immunotherapy in malignant neoplasms of the pleural cavity.

Discussion

Discussion. The introduction of immunotherapeutic approaches, including adoptive cell therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) or CAR-T cells, the development of neoantigen vaccines, oncolytic viruses, in combination with chemotherapy and blockade of immune checkpoints (ICP) have shown optimistic results in preclinical studies and are currently at different stages of clinical trials for safety and efficacy.

Conclusions

Conclusions. Immunotherapy of lung cancer is a promising area of adjuvant therapy. For clinical introduction, immunotherapeutic approaches should be further investigated to increase their effectiveness and minimizing side effects by combining different therapies, improving bioengineered and cellular drugs, and reducing the cost of treatment.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.