<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8964</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2025-240</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-240</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ НЕВРОЛОГИИ И ИНСТРУМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ НЕРВНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAIN TOPIC: TOPICAL ISSUES OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY &amp; NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER INSTRUMENTAL DIAGNOSTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гибридные методы лучевой диагностики в оценке эпилептогенных очагов: разбор диагностического случая</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hybrid imaging techniques in the assessment of epileptic foci: A clinical case</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7367-9311</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наделяев</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nadelyaev</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наделяев Ростислав Валерьевич</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rostislav V. Nadelyaev</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadelaevr@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3930-5998</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгушин</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgushin</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Долгушин Михаил Борисович, д-р мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail B. Dolgushin, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dolgushin.m@fccps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6541-179X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ростовцева</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rostovtseva</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ростовцева Татьяна Михайловна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana M. Rostovtseva</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rostovtseva.t@fccps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-9234</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баранова Елена Анатольевна, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Baranova, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Baranova.e@fccps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3682-5736</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронкова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronkova</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воронкова Юлия Алексеевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia A. Voronkova</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">voronkova.y@fccps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8889-4648</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилова</surname><given-names>Э. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilova</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гаврилова Эльмира Юрьевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elmira Yu. Gavrilova</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Gavrilova.e@fccps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3746-1797</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рублева</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubleva</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рублева Юлия Владимировна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia V. Rubleva</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rubleva@fccps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>176</fpage><lpage>182</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Наделяев Р.В., Долгушин М.Б., Ростовцева Т.М., Баранова Е.А., Воронкова Ю.А., Гаврилова Э.Ю., Рублева Ю.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Наделяев Р.В., Долгушин М.Б., Ростовцева Т.М., Баранова Е.А., Воронкова Ю.А., Гаврилова Э.Ю., Рублева Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nadelyaev R.V., Dolgushin M.B., Rostovtseva T.M., Baranova E.A., Voronkova Y.A., Gavrilova E.Y., Rubleva Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/240">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/240</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Локализация эпилептогенного очага (ЭО) у пациентов с фармакорезистентной фокальной эпилепсией нередко бывает затруднительной, а выявление множественных ЭО ограничивает возможности хирургического лечения. Более точная характеристика структуры и метаболизма ЭО может дать дополнительную информацию в рамках ведения таких пациентов.</p><p>Описание клинического случая. Пациент 35 лет с фармакорезистентной фокальной эпилепсией, дебютировавшей в 24 года генерализованными тонико-клоническими приступами, а затем фокальными эпизодами с замиранием и тоническим напряжением левой руки. На МРТ выявлен двусторонний мезиальный темпоральный склероз с более выраженными изменениями слева, однако ЭЭГ показала эпилептиформную активность в правой височной области, что создало диагностические сложности в определении первичной эпилептогенной зоны. Для уточнения локализации очага было проведено комплексное обследование, включавшее ПЭТ/МРТ, выявившую выраженный гипометаболизм в правой височной доле (с разницей до 31% по сравнению с контралатеральной стороной) при сохранении симметричного накопления РФП в гиппокампах. Дополнительно выполнена диффузионно-куртозисная МРТ, которая показала значимое снижение показателей радиального и среднего куртозиса, а также аксональной фракции воды в правой височной доле (до 1,33 SD от нормы). Инвазивный ЭЭГ-мониторинг подтвердил билатеральный характер эпилептогенности с преобладанием правополушарной инициации приступов.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Комбинированное применение ПЭТ/МРТ и диффузионно-куртозисной МРТ повышает точность выявления эпилептогенных очагов при фармакорезистентной эпилепсии. Методы позволяют комплексно оценивать метаболические и микроструктурные изменения, что важно для планирования хирургического лечения. Интеграция данных способствует дифференциации первичных и вторичных очагов, оптимизируя тактику ведения пациентов. Перспективно внедрение автоматизированного анализа для стандартизации диагностики.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Localization of an epileptic focus (EF) in patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy can be a challenging task, and the detection of multiple EFs limits the possibilities of surgical treatment. A more accurate description of the structure and metabolism of EFs may provide additional information for managing such patients.</p><p>Clinical case description. A 35-year-old patient suffered from pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy, which debuted at the age of 24 with grand mal seizures followed by focal episodes with fading and tonic tension of the left arm. The MRI revealed bilateral mesial temporal sclerosis with more pronounced changes on the left; however, the EEG revealed epileptiform activity in the right temporal region, which created diagnostic difficulties in determining the primary epileptogenic zone. To clarify the location of the lesion, a comprehensive examination was performed, including PET/MRI, which revealed pronounced hypometabolism in the right temporal lobe (with a difference of up to 31% compared with the contralateral side) while maintaining symmetrical accumulation of RPh in the hippocampus. Additionally, diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) was performed, which showed a significant decrease in radial and median kurtosis, as well as axonal water fraction in the right temporal lobe (up to 1.33 SD from normal). Invasive EEG monitoring confirmed the bilateral nature of epileptogenicity with a predominance of right-hemisphere seizure initiation.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The combined use of PET/MRI and DKI increases the accuracy of detection of epileptogenic foci in pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Hybrid imaging allows for a comprehensive assessment of metabolic and microstructural changes, which is important for planning surgical treatment. Data integration helps differentiate primary and secondary foci, thus optimizing patient management tactics. The introduction of automated analysis for standardization of diagnostics is promising.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фокальная эпилепсия</kwd><kwd>ПЭТ/МРТ</kwd><kwd>диффузионно-куртозисная МРТ</kwd><kwd>эпилептогенная зона</kwd><kwd>эпилептогенный очаг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>focal epilepsy</kwd><kwd>PET/MRI</kwd><kwd>diffusion kurtosis imaging</kwd><kwd>DKI</kwd><kwd>epileptogenic zone</kwd><kwd>epileptic focus</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках НИР «Разработка показаний для применения гибридного метода ПЭТ-МРТ при планировании хирургического лечения у пациентов с эпилепсией» (шифр: 03.02.VY).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the work was carried out within the framework of the research project “Development of indications for the use of a hybrid PET-MRI method in the planning of surgical treatment in patients with epilepsy” (code: 03.02.VY).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rugg-Gunn F, Miserocchi A, McEvoy A. Epilepsy surgery. Practical Neurology. 2020;20:4–14. https://doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2019-002192</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rugg-Gunn F, Miserocchi A, McEvoy A. Epilepsy surgery. Practical Neurology. 2020;20:4–14. https://doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2019-002192</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mula M, Cock HR. More than seizures: improving the lives of people with refractory epilepsy. Eur J Neurol. 2015;22(1):24–30 https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.12603</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mula M, Cock HR. More than seizures: improving the lives of people with refractory epilepsy. Eur J Neurol. 2015;22(1):24–30 https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.12603</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thijs RD, Surges R, O’Brien TJ, Sander JW. Epilepsy in adults. Lancet. 2019;393(10172):689–701. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32596-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thijs RD, Surges R, O’Brien TJ, Sander JW. Epilepsy in adults. Lancet. 2019;393(10172):689–701. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32596-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Tisi J, Bell GS, Peacock JL, McEvoy AW, Harkness WF, Sander JW, et al. The long-term outcome of adult epilepsy surgery, patterns of seizure remission, and relapse: a cohort study. Lancet. 2011;378(9800):1388–95 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60890-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Tisi J, Bell GS, Peacock JL, McEvoy AW, Harkness WF, Sander JW, et al. The long-term outcome of adult epilepsy surgery, patterns of seizure remission, and relapse: a cohort study. Lancet. 2011;378(9800):1388–95 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60890-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mathon B, Bielle F, Samson S, Plaisant O, Dupont S, Bertrand A, Miles R, Nguyen-Michel VH, Lambrecq V, Calderon-Garcidueñas AL, Duyckaerts C, Carpentier A, Baulac M, Cornu P, Adam C, Clemenceau S, Navarro V. Predictive factors of long-term outcomes of surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis. Epilepsia. 2017;58(8):1473–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13831</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mathon B, Bielle F, Samson S, Plaisant O, Dupont S, Bertrand A, Miles R, Nguyen-Michel VH, Lambrecq V, Calderon-Garcidueñas AL, Duyckaerts C, Carpentier A, Baulac M, Cornu P, Adam C, Clemenceau S, Navarro V. Predictive factors of long-term outcomes of surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis. Epilepsia. 2017;58(8):1473–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13831</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Felix Rosenow, Hans Lüders. Presurgical evaluation of epilepsy. Brain. 2001;124(9):1683–700. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/124.9.1683</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Felix Rosenow, Hans Lüders. Presurgical evaluation of epilepsy. Brain. 2001;124(9):1683–700. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/124.9.1683</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Männlin J, San Antonio-Arce V, Reinacher PC, Scheiwe C, Shah MJ, Urbach H, Schulze-Bonhage A. Safety profile of subdural and depth electrode implantations in invasive EEG exploration of drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Seizure. 2023;110:21–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2023.05.022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Männlin J, San Antonio-Arce V, Reinacher PC, Scheiwe C, Shah MJ, Urbach H, Schulze-Bonhage A. Safety profile of subdural and depth electrode implantations in invasive EEG exploration of drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Seizure. 2023;110:21–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2023.05.022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Долгушин МБ, Наделяев РВ, Мартынов МЮ, Рублева ЮВ, Дворянчиков АВ, Бурд СГ и др. Микроструктурные изменения головного мозга у пациентов с фокальной височной эпилепсией по данным диффузионно-куртозисной МРТ. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2024;124(11):171–7. https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro2024124111171</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolgushin MB, Nadelyaev RV, Martynov MYu, Rubleva YuV, Dvoryanchikov AV, Burd SG, et al. Brain microstructural abnormalities assessed by diffusion kurtosis MRI in patients with focal temporal lobe epilepsy. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;124(11):171–7 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro2024124111171</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanber B, Vos SB, de Tisi J, et al. Detection of covert lesions in focal epilepsy using computational analysis of multimodal magnetic resonance imaging data. Epilepsia. 2021;62(3):807–16 https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.16836</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanber B, Vos SB, de Tisi J, et al. Detection of covert lesions in focal epilepsy using computational analysis of multimodal magnetic resonance imaging data. Epilepsia. 2021;62(3):807–16 https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.16836</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iwasaki M, Jin K, Nakasato N, Tominaga T. Non-invasive Evaluation for Epilepsy Surgery. Neurol Med Chir. 2016;56(10):632–40. https://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.ra.2016-0186</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iwasaki M, Jin K, Nakasato N, Tominaga T. Non-invasive Evaluation for Epilepsy Surgery. Neurol Med Chir. 2016;56(10):632–40. https://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.ra.2016-0186</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shen Y, Gong Y, Ruan Y, Chen Z, Xu C. Secondary Epileptogenesis: Common to See, but Possible to Treat? Front Neurol. 2021;12:747372. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.747372</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shen Y, Gong Y, Ruan Y, Chen Z, Xu C. Secondary Epileptogenesis: Common to See, but Possible to Treat? Front Neurol. 2021;12:747372. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.747372</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dalkilic EB. Neurostimulation Devices Used in Treatment of Epilepsy. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2017;19(2):7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11940-017-0442-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dalkilic EB. Neurostimulation Devices Used in Treatment of Epilepsy. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2017;19(2):7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11940-017-0442-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steven AJ, Zhuo J, Melhem ER. Diffusion kurtosis imaging: an emerging technique for evaluating the microstructural environment of the brain. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2014;202(1):W26–33. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.13.11365</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steven AJ, Zhuo J, Melhem ER. Diffusion kurtosis imaging: an emerging technique for evaluating the microstructural environment of the brain. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2014;202(1):W26–33. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.13.11365</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bartoňová M, Bartoň M, Říha P, Vojtíšek L, Brázdil M, Rektor I. The benefit of the diffusion kurtosis imaging in presurgical evaluation in patients with focal MR-negative epilepsy. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):14208. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92804-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bartoňová M, Bartoň M, Říha P, Vojtíšek L, Brázdil M, Rektor I. The benefit of the diffusion kurtosis imaging in presurgical evaluation in patients with focal MR-negative epilepsy. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):14208. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92804-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller-Thomas MM, Benzinger TL. Neurologic Applications of PET/MR Imaging. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2017;25(2):297–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mric.2016.12.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miller-Thomas MM, Benzinger TL. Neurologic Applications of PET/MR Imaging. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2017;25(2):297–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mric.2016.12.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jehi L. The Epileptogenic Zone: Concept and Definition. Epilepsy Curr. 2018;18(1):12–6. https://doi.org/10.5698/1535-7597.18.1.12</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jehi L. The Epileptogenic Zone: Concept and Definition. Epilepsy Curr. 2018;18(1):12–6. https://doi.org/10.5698/1535-7597.18.1.12</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spencer SS. Neural networks in human epilepsy: evidence of and implications for treatment. Epilepsia. 2002;43(3):219–27. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1528-1157.2002.26901.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spencer SS. Neural networks in human epilepsy: evidence of and implications for treatment. Epilepsia. 2002;43(3):219–27. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1528-1157.2002.26901.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tóth M, Barsi P, Tóth Z. The role of hybrid FDG-PET/MRI on decision-making in presurgical evaluation of drug-resistant epilepsy. BMC Neurol. 2021;21(1):363. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02352-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tóth M, Barsi P, Tóth Z. The role of hybrid FDG-PET/MRI on decision-making in presurgical evaluation of drug-resistant epilepsy. BMC Neurol. 2021;21(1):363. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02352-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Desikan RS, Ségonne F, Fischl B, et al. An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest. Neuroimage. 2006;31(3):968–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Desikan RS, Ségonne F, Fischl B, et al. An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest. Neuroimage. 2006;31(3):968–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
