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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8964</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2025-261</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-261</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ЛАБОРАТОРНАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Перспективы интеграции мультиплексного фосфоресцентного иммуноанализа пулированных сухих образцов мочи в скрининговое обследование при диспансерном наркоконтроле</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Integration prospects for the multiplex phosphorescence immunoassay of pooled dry urine samples into screening examinations in dispensary drug control</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2612-2327</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бекман</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bekman</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бекман Наталья Игоревна, канд. хим. наук</p><p>Москва</p><p>Дубна, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia I. Bekman, Cand. Sci. (Chem.) </p><p>Moscow</p><p>Dubna, Moscow Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nibeckman@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3377-3731</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Помелова</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pomelova</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Помелова Вера Гавриловна, д-р биол. наук</p><p>Москва</p><p>Дубна, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera G. Pomelova, Dr. Sci. (Biol.) </p><p>Moscow</p><p>Dubna, Moscow Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.pomelova@immunoscreen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8270-1748</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осин</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osin</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Осин Николай Сергеевич, д-р биол. наук</p><p>Москва</p><p>Дубна, Московская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai S. Osin, Dr. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>Moscow</p><p>Dubna, Moscow Region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.osin@immunoscreen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственный научно-исследовательский институт биологического приборостроения Федерального медико-биологического агентства; «Иммуноскрин»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Scientific Research Institute of Biological Engineering; Immunoscreen</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>400</fpage><lpage>409</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бекман Н.И., Помелова В.Г., Осин Н.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бекман Н.И., Помелова В.Г., Осин Н.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bekman N.I., Pomelova V.G., Osin N.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/261">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/261</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. С учетом сложной наркоситуации в России, роста числа скрытых потребителей наркотических средств (НС) представляется целесообразным расширение рамок скрининговых обследований для выявления НС с использованием новых методических подходов, позволяющих сократить стоимость тестирования за счет снижения затрат на этапах сбора, транспортировки, хранения и аналитического исследования биологических образцов.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Разработка на основе технологии ФОСФАН метода мультиплексного иммуноанализа для обнаружения основных групп наркотических, психотропных средств в пулах образцов мочи, высушенных на бумаге, с последующей оценкой перспектив его применения для выявления наркозависимых лиц в рамках расширенного диспансерного наркоконтроля.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Сухие образцы мочи (n = 31) приготовлены на бумажных тест-полосках из жидких образцов, содержащих (n = 30) или не содержащих (n = 1) кокаин, каннабиноиды, амфетамин, опиаты, бензодиазепины, барбитураты, метамфетамин или метадон по данным химико-токсикологического исследования (ХТИ). Образцы исследованы в виде пулов, содержащих 1–40 фрагментов (0,45×0,45 см) тест-полосок. Люминесцентный сигнал регистрировали на микропланшетном иммуночипе с помощью индикатора фотолюминесценции импульсного ИФИ-05. Наличие НС в образцах оценивали по степени ингибирования связывания антител в соответствующей тестовой зоне иммуночипа (отношение В/В0). Статистическую обработку результатов проводили с помощью стандартных программ Microsoft Office.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Включение в состав пулов до 10 сухих образцов мочи, только один из которых содержит искомое НС, не оказало значимого влияния на способность разрабатываемого метода выявлять НС с показателями чувствительности, соответствующими требованиям ХТИ. В исследованных пулах обнаружены: кокаин — в 2 образцах, каннабиноиды — в 11 пробах, амфетамин — в 6, опиаты — в 9, бензодиазепины — в 7, барбитураты — в 10, метамфетамин — в 7, метадон — в 6 пробах, в том числе на фоне высоких концентраций опиатов и амфетаминов.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Разработан метод мультиплексного фосфоресцентного микропланшетного иммуноанализа для выявления восьми основных групп наркотических, психотропных средств в пулах из высушенных на бумаге образцов мочи. Пределы детекции исследуемых НС в экстрактах из высушенных на тест-полосках образцов мочи составили 2–8 нг/мл, что существенно ниже рекомендованных для скринингового обследования пределов детекции. Предложенный подход может составить основу новой методологии скрининга, включающей отбор проб мочи, нанесение их на бумажные тест-бланки и транспортировку в лабораторию для проведения обследования групп лиц на критически важных объектах. Использование мультиплексного фосфоресцентного иммуноанализа и пулированных образцов мочи позволит кардинально (более чем в 10 раз) снизить стоимость тестирования по сравнению с традиционными технологиями иммунохроматографического анализа.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The worsening problem of drug abuse in Russia and the growing number of hidden users of narcotic drugs (ND) require the list of screening examinations for ND identification to be extended by including more economical approaches that reduce costs at the stages of collection, transportation, storage, and analytical examination of biological samples.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. Development of a multiplex immunoassay method based on the PHOSPHAN technology for detecting the main groups of narcotic and psychotropic substances in pools of paper-dried urine samples, followed by an assessment of its potential for identifying drug addicts as part of an extended drug control program.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Dry urine samples (n = 31) were prepared on paper test strips from liquid samples containing (n = 30) or non-containing (n = 1) cocaine, cannabinoids, amphetamines, opiates, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, methamphetamine, or methadone, according to toxicology screening (TS). The samples were studied as pools containing 1–40 fragments (0.45×0.45 cm) of test strips. The luminescent signal was recorded on a microplate immunochip using an IFI-05 photoluminescence pulsed indicator. The ND presence in the samples was assessed by the inhibition rate of antibody binding in the related microplate test zone (B/B0 ratio). Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the standard Microsoft Office package.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The inclusion of dry urine samples in the pools (up to 10), where only one contained the target ND, had no significant effect on the capability of the method to detect NDs with sensitivity levels that meet the TS requirements. The following substances were detected: cocaine (2 samples), cannabinoids (11 samples), amphetamines (6 samples), opiates (9 samples), benzodiazepines (7 samples), barbiturates (10 samples), methamphetamine (7 samples), and methadone (6 samples), including samples with high concentrations of opiates and amphetamines.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. A method of multiplex phosphorescence microplate immunoassay has been developed for the detection of eight main groups of NDs and psychotropic substances in pools of paper-dried urine samples (dried urine spot, DUS). The detection limits of the studied NDs in extracts from DUS test-strips were 2–8 ng/mL, which is significantly lower than the detection limits recommended for screening examination. The proposed approach can form the basis of a new screening methodology that includes collection of urine samples, their application onto filter paper test-strips, and transportation to a laboratory for the examination of individuals at industrial facilities of critical importance. The use of the developed multiplex phosphorescence immunoassay and pooled urine samples will significantly reduce the test cost (by more 10-fold) compared to conventional immunochromatographic assays.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наркотические средства</kwd><kwd>скрининг</kwd><kwd>фосфоресцентный иммуноанализ с временным разрешением</kwd><kwd>микропланшетные иммуночипы</kwd><kwd>сухие образцы мочи</kwd><kwd>пулирование</kwd><kwd>химико-токсикологические исследования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>narcotic drugs</kwd><kwd>screening</kwd><kwd>time-resolved phosphorescence immunoassay</kwd><kwd>microplate immunochips</kwd><kwd>dry urine samples</kwd><kwd>pooling</kwd><kwd>toxicology screening</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коршунов ВА, Миндлина АЯ, Вязовиченко ЮЕ. 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