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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8964</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2025-265</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-265</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ТОКСИЧЕСКОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ КСЕНОБИОТИКОВ И ПРОДУКТОВ ИХ БИОТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAIN TOPIC: STUDY OF TOXIC EFFECTS OF XENOBIOTICS AND THEIR BIOTRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Физико-химические критерии оценки опасности ЦНС-активных ксенобиотиков</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Physical and chemical criteria for hazard assessment of CNS-active xenobiotics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6077-2534</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Криворотов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivorotov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Криворотов Денис Викторович - канд. хим. наук.</p><p>Ленинградская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis V. Krivorotov</p><p>Leningrad region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denis.krivorotov@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1405-8683</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаев</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaev</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николаев Анатолий Иванович - канд. хим. наук.</p><p>Ленинградская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly I. Nikolaev</p><p>Leningrad region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ainikolaev1956@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0776-7434</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радилов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Radilov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Радилов Андрей Станиславович - д-р мед. наук, профессор.</p><p>Ленинградская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey S. Radilov</p><p>Leningrad region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.radilov@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рембовский</surname><given-names>В. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rembovsky</surname><given-names>V. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рембовский Владимир Романович - д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Ленинградская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir R. Rembovsky</p><p>Leningrad region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">niigpech@rihophe.site</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецов Виктор Анатольевич - канд. хим. наук.</p><p>Ленинградская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor A. Kuznetsov</p><p>Leningrad region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">niigpech@rihophe.site</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт гигиены, профпатологии и экологии человека Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Криворотов Д.В., Николаев А.И., Радилов А.С., Рембовский В.Р., Кузнецов В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Криворотов Д.В., Николаев А.И., Радилов А.С., Рембовский В.Р., Кузнецов В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krivorotov D.V., Nikolaev A.I., Radilov A.S., Rembovsky V.R., Kuznetsov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/265">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/265</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Судебно-медицинская экспертиза часто сталкивается с малоизученными, потенциально опасными психоактивными веществами. При этом информация о биологической активности таких веществ отрывочна и противоречива или вообще отсутствует. Поэтому разработка подходов к прогнозированию опасности ксенобиотиков является актуальной задачей медицины экстремальных ситуаций.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучение взаимосвязи физико-химических свойств и степени опасности представителей одного из классов ЦНС-активных веществ с использованием методов математического анализа и последующим научным обоснованием критериев предварительной оценки опасности наркотических средств.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В качестве модельных объектов исследования использовали известные структуры наркотических анальгетиков, разделенные на три группы по степени потенциальной опасности. В качестве факторов потенциальной опасности таких веществ рассматривали их физико-химические свойства, такие как: молекулярная масса, полярность, площадь полярной поверхности, коэффициенты распределения и константы основной диссоциации. Для выявления связи физико-химических свойств и степени опасности психоактивных веществ использовали линейный дискриминантный анализ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. На примере представителей одного из классов ЦНС-активных веществ показана связь степени их опасности с физико-химическими свойствами, влияющими на перераспределение таких веществ из центрального кровотока в ткани центральной нервной системы. Для прогнозирования степени опасности психоактивных веществ предложены физико-химические критерии — классификационные функции, достаточно хорошо разделяющие группы модельных веществ между собой.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Показали, что физико-химические свойства психоактивных веществ определяют особенности их токсического действия в не меньшей степени, чем сила их связывания с целевыми рецепторами. Сформулированные в работе классификационные функции, рассчитываемые на основании физико-химических свойств веществ, могут быть использованы для предварительной оценки степени опасности ксенобиотиков в ходе их выявления в биологических пробах.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Forensic medical examinations frequently encounter poorly understood, potentially hazardous psychoactive substances. At the same time, information on the biological activity of such substances may be either fragmentary and contradictory or absent altogether. Therefore, the development of approaches to predicting the health hazard of xenobiotics is an urgent task of emergency medicine.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To study the relationship between physicochemical properties and the hazard rate of one class of CNS-active substances using the methods of mathematical analysis followed by scientific substantiation of criteria for preliminary hazard assessment of narcotic drugs.</p></sec><sec><title>Маterials and methods</title><p>Маterials and methods. The study models included the known structures of narcotic analgesics, divided into three groups according to their potential hazard rate. The physicochemical properties of such substances, i.e., molecular weight, polarity, polar surface area, distribution coefficients, and basic dissociation constants were considered as potential hazard factors. Linear discriminant analysis was used to identify the relationship between the physicochemical properties of psychoactive substances and their hazard potential.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The considered example of one class of CNS-active substances confirms the relationship between their hazard rate and the physicochemical properties affecting their redistribution from the central bloodstream to the central nervous system. Physicochemical criteria for predicting the hazard rate of psychoactive substances are proposed. These criteria serve as classification functions that distinguish groups of model substances.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The physicochemical properties of psychoactive substances and the strength of their binding to target receptors equally determine the characteristics of their toxic effect. The formulated classification functions, calculated based on the physicochemical properties of substances, can be used for a preliminary hazard assessment of xenobiotics during their detection in biological samples.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ксенобиотики</kwd><kwd>биологические пробы</kwd><kwd>наркотические средства</kwd><kwd>гематоэнцефалический барьер</kwd><kwd>физико-химические свойства</kwd><kwd>молекулярная масса</kwd><kwd>полярность</kwd><kwd>константы диссоциации</kwd><kwd>коэффициенты распределения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>xenobiotics</kwd><kwd>biological samples</kwd><kwd>narcotic drugs</kwd><kwd>blood–brain barrier</kwd><kwd>physicochemical properties</kwd><kwd>molecular weight</kwd><kwd>polarity</kwd><kwd>dissociation constants</kwd><kwd>distribution coefficients</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование выполнено без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the study was carried out without sponsorship</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Заикина ОЛ, Лодягин АН, Шилов ВВ. 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