mesЭкстремальная биомедицинаExtreme Medicine3033-89643033-8972Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.47183/mes.2025-272mes-272Research ArticleРЕГЕНЕРАТИВНАЯ МЕДИЦИНАREGENERATIVE MEDICINEБиосовместимые гели на основе хитозана и крахмала в качестве чернил для 3D-печатиBiocompatible chitosan- and starch-based gels for 3D printable inkshttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-2245-2436МаликЕ. А.MalikE. A.

Малик Елена Андреевна

Санкт-Петербург

Elena A. Malik

St. Petersburg

malikalionaa@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4371-7445НащекинаЮ. А.NashchekinaY. A.

Нащекина Юлия Александровна - канд. биол. наук

Санкт-Петербург

Yuliya A. Nashchekina

St. Petersburg

nashchekina.yu@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3728-9966БарсукИ. А.BarsukI. A.

Барсук Илья Александрович

Москва; Санкт-Петербург

Ilya A. Barsuk

Moscow; St. Petersburg

barsuk20220@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1584-1748ГоловкоК. П.GolovkoK. P.

Головко Константин Петрович - д-р мед. наук, доцент

Санкт-Петербург

Konstantin P. Golovko

St. Petersburg

labws@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-9229-5293АлександровВ. Н.AlexandrovV. N.

Александров Виктор Николаевич - д-р мед. наук, профессор

Санкт-Петербург

Viktor N. Alexandrov

St. Petersburg

vnaleks9@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9123-4926ЕлоховскийВ. Ю.ElokhovskiyV. Y.

Елоховский Владимир Юрьевич - канд. тех. наук

Санкт-Петербург

Vladimir Y. Elokhovskiy

St. Petersburg

vladimir.elokhovskiy@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5517-4767ЮдинВ. Е.YudinV. E.

Юдин Владимир Евгеньевич - д-р физ.-мат. наук, профессор

Санкт-Петербург

Vladimir E. Yudin

St. Petersburg

yudinve@gmail.comСанкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра ВеликогоРоссияPeter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic UniversityRussian FederationИнститут цитологии РАНРоссияInstitute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationГлавное военно-медицинское управление Министерства обороны Российской Федерации; Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. КироваРоссияMain Military Medical Department of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; Kirov Military Medical AcademyRussian FederationВоенно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университетРоссияKirov Military Medical Academy; Saint Petersburg State UniversityRussian FederationВоенно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова; Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический университетРоссияKirov Military Medical Academy; Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical UniversityRussian FederationИнститут высокомолекулярных соединений РАНРоссияInstitute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation2025230320252718896Copyright © Малик Е.А., Нащекина Ю.А., Барсук И.А., Головко К.П., Александров В.Н., Елоховский В.Ю., Юдин В.Е., 20252025Малик Е.А., Нащекина Ю.А., Барсук И.А., Головко К.П., Александров В.Н., Елоховский В.Ю., Юдин В.Е.Malik E.A., Nashchekina Y.A., Barsuk I.A., Golovko K.P., Alexandrov V.N., Elokhovskiy V.Y., Yudin V.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/272Введение

Введение. Носители, предназначенные для культивирования и трансплантации клеток, находят широкое применение в современной тканевой инженерии. Создание чернил для печати таких носителей позволяет в широких пределах варьировать их форму и архитектуру. Хитозан — природный полимер, который уже находит применение в различных областях регенеративной медицины. Скаффолды на его основе являются искусственным прототипом внеклеточного матрикса in vitro. Метод трехмерной печати позволит максимально приблизить структуру такого матрикса к свойствам нативной ткани. Однако для улучшения качества печати необходимо как разработать состав чернил на основе хитозана, так и подобрать оптимальные параметры печати.

Цель

Цель. Разработка биосовместимых чернил на основе хитозана с оптимальными реологическими свойствами, пригодными для 3D-печати.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. В исследовании для создания биочернил применялся хитозан фирмы BiologHeppe (Германия) с молекулярной массой 164 кДа и степенью деацетилирования 92,5%. Для модификации биочернил использовали крахмал фирмы Merck (Германия). Для получения трехмерных матриц применяли метод экструзионной 3D-биопечати. В работе использовали 3D-биопринтер фирмы Rokit Invivo (Республика Корея), в котором установлено программное обеспечение Android OS. 3D-печатные матрицы изготавливали из биочернил с различным содержанием хитозана: 4 и 6%. Для исследования биосовместимости печатных конструкций проводили посев культуры мезенхимальных стволовых клеток кролика.

Результаты

Результаты. Чернила на основе хитозана и крахмала продемонстрировали увеличение вязкости раствора и наилучшие характеристики напечатанных конструкций. Улучшение реологических параметров, оптимальных для печати, происходит при увеличении концентрации хитозана в растворе до 6%, а также при добавлении в раствор крахмала с аналогичной концентрацией. Исследование in vitro также показало биосовместимость напечатанных конструкций по отношению к мезенхимным стромальным клеткам.

Выводы

Выводы. Разработанные чернила могут быть использованы для формирования скаффолдов методом трехмерной печати.

Introduction

Introduction. Carriers intended for cell culture and transplantation are widely used in modern tissue engineering. The creation of inks for printing such media assumes a wide range of variations in their shape and architecture. Chitosan as a natural polymer is increasingly finding application in various fields of regenerative medicine. Chitosan-based scaffolds are an artificial prototype of the extracellular matrix in vitro. The method of 3D printing can be used to bring the structure of such a matrix as close as possible to the properties of native tissues. However, in order to achieve the desired printing quality, the task of developing a chitosan-based ink composition and selecting optimal printing parameters should be solved.

Objective

Objective. Development of a biocompatible chitosan-based ink with optimal rheological properties suitable for 3D printing.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. A bioink was manufactured using the chitosan produced by BiologHeppe (Germany) with a molecular weight of 164 kDa and a deacetylation degree of 92.5%. Starch produced by Merck (Germany) was used to modify the bioink. The method of 3D extrusion bioprinting was used to obtain 3D matrices by a 3D bioprinter by Rockit Invivo (Republic of Korea) equipped with the Android OS software. 3D-printed matrices were obtained from a bioink with different chitosan concentrations: 4% and 6%. Cultures of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells were seeded to study the biocompatibility of the printed structures.

Results

Results. The developed chitosan- and starch-based inks demonstrated an increased viscosity of the solution and improved characteristics of the printed designs. The rheological parameters were optimized for printing by increasing the chitosan concentration in the solution up to 6%, as well as by introducing starch at a similar concentration into the solution. An in vitro study also showed the biocompatibility of the printed structures with respect to mesenchymal stromal cells.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.