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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8964</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2025-27-1-43-49</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-276</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НЕВРОЛОГИЯ И ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEUROLOGY &amp; PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммунный ответ на вирус Эпштейна-Барр как этиологический фактор и терапевтическая мишень при рассеянном склерозе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immune response against Epstein-Barr virus as an etiologic factor and therapeutic target for multiple sclerosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3682-6571</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Роговский</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogovskii</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Роговский Владимир Станиславович - канд. мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir S. Rogovskii</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">qwer555@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9964-8103</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кукушкина</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kukushkina</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кукушкина Анна Дмитриевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna D. Kukushkina</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr_kukushanna@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2975-4151</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойко</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boyko</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бойко Алексей Николаевич - д-р мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey N. Boyko</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">boiko.a@fccps.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный центр мозга и нейротехнологий Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова; Городская клиническая больница имени М.Е. Жадкевича Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Zhadkevich municipal clinical hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Роговский В.С., Кукушкина А.Д., Бойко А.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Роговский В.С., Кукушкина А.Д., Бойко А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rogovskii V.S., Kukushkina A.D., Boyko A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/276">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/276</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Этиология рассеянного склероза (РС) остается неизвестной. Современное консенсусное мнение заключается в том, что восприимчивость к РС обусловлена комплексным взаимодействием между генетической предрасположенностью и многофакторным влиянием внешней среды, включая такие факторы, как недостаток витамина D, курение, приверженность воспалительной диете, инфекции, психоэмоциональный стресс. Что касается инфекционного компонента, на протяжении десятилетий РС ассоциировался с предшествующей инфекцией, вызываемой вирусом Эпштейна-Барр (ВЭБ). Однако вопрос о том, почему лишь небольшая доля популяции, инфицированной ВЭБ, заболевает РС, остается открытым.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Определение факторов взаимодействия иммунитета с ВЭБ, предрасполагающих к развитию РС, а также анализ возможностей их использования в качестве терапевтической мишени для профилактики и терапии данного заболевания.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Результаты недавнего крупного эпидемиологического исследования привнесли новые доводы в пользу связи ВЭБ и РС. Было показано, что в крови носителей ВЭБ можно обнаружить антитела, перекрестно-специфичные к антигенам миелиновой оболочки. Несмотря на это, у большинства носителей ВЭБ РС не развивается. Вероятной причиной является своевременное удаление аутореактивных клеток. Особо важную роль в этом процессе играют NK-клетки. При РС нарушаются процессы NK-опосредованной элиминации аутореактивных B-клеток. В этой связи перспективна дополнительная терапия РС, направленная на контроль аутоиммунных реакций, вызванных ВЭБ.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Среди факторов взаимодействия иммунной системы с ВЭБ, способствующих развитию РС, следует отметить сниженную цитотоксическую активность NK-клеток против клеток, проявляющих перекрестную реактивность к антигенам ВЭБ и компонентам миелиновой оболочки. В качестве дополнительной терапии РС может быть обоснованным применение средств, способных снижать представленность ВЭБ в организме и обладающих благоприятным профилем безопасности, в частности куркумина и кверцетина. Также перспективен поиск средств, способных усиливать иммунологический контроль над аутореактивными клетками. К таким средствам могут относиться соединения, способные усиливать активность NK-клеток, в частности уролитин А, куркумин, аллоферон.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unknown. According to the current consensus, susceptibility to MS is due to an elaborate interaction between genetic predisposition and multifactorial environmental factors, including vitamin D deficiency, smoking, inflammatory diet, psychoemotional stress, and infections. With regard to the infectious component, for decades, MS has been associated with a prior infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). However, it remains unclear why only a limited proportion of the numerous EBV-infected population develop MS.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To discuss the factors of interaction between the immune system and EBV that predispose to the development of MS, as well as to analyze the possibilities of their use as therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of MS.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. The results of a recent large epidemiologic study have provided new evidence for the association between EBV and MS. It has also been shown that cross-reacting antibodies to myelin sheath antigens can be detected in the blood of patients with EBV. However, most patients with EBV do not develop MS. This is probably due to the elimination of autoreactive cells. Natural killer (NK) cells play a particularly important role in this process. In MS, NK-mediated elimination of autoreactive B cells may be impaired. In this regard, an add-on therapy of MS aimed at controlling EBV-induced autoimmune responses appears promising.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Reduced cytotoxic activity of NK cells against cells that show cross-reactivity to EBV antigens and components of the myelin sheath is among the factors of interaction of the immune system with EBV that contribute to MS development. As an add-on therapy for MS, it may be reasonable to use agents that reduce the presence of EBV in the organism and have a favorable safety profile (e.g., curcumin and quercetin). The search for agents that can improve immunological control of autoreactive cells is also promising. Such agents may include compounds that are capable of enhancing the activity of NK cells, for instance, urolithin A, curcumin, and alloferon.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>вирус Эпштейна-Барр</kwd><kwd>аутореактивные клетки</kwd><kwd>естественные киллеры</kwd><kwd>NK-клетки</kwd><kwd>полифенолы</kwd><kwd>куркумин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>Epstein-Barr virus</kwd><kwd>autoreactive cells</kwd><kwd>natural killer cells</kwd><kwd>NK cells</kwd><kwd>polyphenols</kwd><kwd>curcumin</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование выполнено в рамках научно-исследовательской работы «Изучение влияния полифенолов и их новых наноформ на иммунный ответ при рассеянном склерозе» № 122022100106-9 (ФМБА)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of scientific research “Study of the effect of polyphenols and their new nanoforms on the immune response in multiple sclerosis” No.122022100106-9 (FMBA)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wong Y, Meehan MT, Burrows SR, Doolan DL,Miles JJ. 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