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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8964</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2025-277</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-277</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мировые репозитории, содержащие сведения о результатах популяционных иммунологических и генетических исследований</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International data repositories of population-based immunological and genetic research</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1822-9842</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Титова Анастасия Германовна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia G. Titova</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">atitova@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8922-6342</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трусов</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trusov</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трусов Георгий Александрович</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>George A. Trusov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">GTrusov@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-1737</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баёв</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bayov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баёв Артур Владимирович</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arthur V. Bayov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ABayov@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1471-8905</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сосин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sosin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сосин Дмитрий Витальевич, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Sosin, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">DSosin@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0071-4866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нечаев</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nechaev</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нечаев Денис Николаевич</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis N. Nechaev</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">DNechaev@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2036-3514</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ломов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lomov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ломов Алексей Николаевич</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey N. Lomov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ALomov@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9495-0266</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макаров Валентин Владимирович, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentin V. Makarov, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Makarov@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9199-6258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдин</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudin</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юдин Владимир Сергеевич, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir S. Yudin, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VYudin@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7942-8004</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдин</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudin</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юдин Сергей Михайлович, д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey M. Yudin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>328</fpage><lpage>341</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Титова А.Г., Трусов Г.А., Баёв А.В., Сосин Д.В., Нечаев Д.Н., Ломов А.Н., Макаров В.В., Юдин В.С., Юдин С.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Титова А.Г., Трусов Г.А., Баёв А.В., Сосин Д.В., Нечаев Д.Н., Ломов А.Н., Макаров В.В., Юдин В.С., Юдин С.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Titova A.G., Trusov G.A., Bayov A.V., Sosin D.V., Nechaev D.N., Lomov A.N., Makarov V.V., Yudin V.S., Yudin S.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/277">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/277</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Благодаря активному развитию мультиомиксных технологий исследователи получают все больше сведений о генетических и иммунологических данных человека. Для систематизации и хранения такого рода информации используются репозитории, что ускоряет поиск и использование сведений для научных исследований и решения прикладных задач в области медицины.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Провести анализ мирового опыта эксплуатации репозиториев генетических и иммунологических данных человека для определения их функциональных особенностей и роли в развитии популяционной иммунологии и генетики.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Проанализированы функциональные особенности репозиториев генетических и иммунологических данных. Данные о репозиториях, включенных в исследование, были получены из открытых источников. Процесс отбора репозиториев включал три этапа: подбор научных публикаций, дедупликация, фильтрация по критериям отбора. Основные критерии последующей оценки репозиториев генетических и иммунологических данных человека: объем данных; доступность данных; форматы данных. Поиск сведений о репозиториях и биобанках на территории Российской Федерации проводился по поисковым запросам в сети Интернет. В исследовании было проанализировано 15 крупнейших репозиториев генетических и иммунологических данных, из которых 37,5% аффилированы с Великобританией, 43,75% — с США. Для создания и поддержания крупных репозиториев, как правило, формируются международные и межинституциональные консорциумы. Доступность репозиториев генетической информации обеспечивается комбинацией технологических, организационных и правовых механизмов. Наиболее частыми источниками финансирования репозиториев являются государственный бюджет, средства частных фондов и благотворительных организаций, инвестиции фармацевтических компаний. Основные риски, возникающие при эксплуатации репозитория, можно разделить на четыре группы: этические, правовые, биологические и технологические, связанные с обеспечением конфиденциальности данных. В Российской Федерации генетические исследования являются одним из наиболее активно развивающихся направлений науки. В этой связи становятся актуальными задачи безопасного хранения, этичного использования и правовой защиты получаемых данных. Рассмотрены возможные направления для дальнейшего развития национальных репозиториев генетических и иммунологических данных, а также возможности дополнительного регулирования обращения с генетическими данными на законодательном уровне.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. На основании анализа данных определены возможные риски, связанные с функционированием репозиториев, предложены различные подходы к их минимизации и оптимизации развития репозиториев. В качестве одного из наиболее перспективных направлений рассматривается разработка интеграционных модулей на основе искусственного интеллекта для обработки и аннотирования данных, представленных в стандартизированных протоколах.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Due to the active development of multiomics technologies, more and more information about human genetic and immunological research is becoming available. Data repositories are used to systematize and store such information, which facilitates the search and use of information for carrying out scientific research and solving applied problems in the area of medicine.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To analyze the global experience of using repositories of human genetic and immunological data to define their functional features and role in the development of population immunology and genetics.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. Functional features of genetic and immunological data repositories were analyzed. The data on the repositories included in the study was obtained from open sources. The selection process for repositories included three stages: selection of scientific publications, deduplication, and filtering based on selection criteria. The main criteria for the subsequent evaluation of human genetic and immunological data repositories were as follows: data volume, data accessibility, and data formats. The search for information about repositories and biobanks in the Russian Federation was conducted using online search queries on the Internet. The study analyzed 15 largest genetic and immunological data repositories, of which 37.5% are affiliated with the UK and 43.75% are affiliated with the USA. The task of creating and maintaining large repositories is solved, as a rule, by forming international and inter-institutional consortia. The availability of genetic data repositories is ensured by a combination of technological, organizational, and legal mechanisms. The most common sources of repository funding are state budgets, funds from private foundations and charitable organizations, and investments from pharmaceutical companies. The main risks associated with the operation of a repository can be divided into four groups: ethical, legal, biological, and technological risks related to data privacy. In the Russian Federation, genetic research is one of the most rapidly developing scientific directions. As a result, the challenges of secure storage, ethical use, and legal protection of data are acquiring particular importance. The presented review discusses possible directions for further development of national genetic and immunological data repositories, as well as the possibilities of additional regulation of genetic data handling at the legislative level.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The conducted review has identified possible risks associated with repository functioning and proposed various approaches to minimizing these risks and optimizing the development of data repositories. One of the most promising areas is the development of AI-based integration modules for processing and annotating data presented in standardized protocols.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>репозиторий</kwd><kwd>генетические данные</kwd><kwd>иммунологические данные</kwd><kwd>научные исследования</kwd><kwd>риски</kwd><kwd>биобанк</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>repository</kwd><kwd>genetic data</kwd><kwd>immunological data</kwd><kwd>scientific research</kwd><kwd>risks</kwd><kwd>biobank</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кочетова ОВ, Авзалетдинова ДШ, Корытина ГФ, Моругова ТВ, Бобоедова ОВ. 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