mesЭкстремальная биомедицинаExtreme Medicine3033-89643033-8972Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.47183/mes.2024.002mes-28Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWМолекулярно-генетическое тестирование в контексте медико-биологических рисков здоровью космонавтовMolecular genetic studies in the context of biomedical risks for cosmonauts' healthЛатарцевК. В.LatartsevK. V.

Константин Владимирович Латарцев

ул. Щукинская, д. 5, стр. 4, г. Москва, 123182

Konstantin V. Latartsev

Shchukinskaya, 5, str. 2, Moscow, 123182

k.latartsev@gmail.comКаспранскийР. Р.KaspranskiyR. R.

Москва

Moscow

Федеральный научно-клинический центр космической медицины Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Московский государственный университет имени М. В. ЛомоносоваРоссияFederal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Research and Clinic Center of Space Medicine” of the Federal Biomedical Agency; Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation202422102024261512Copyright © Латарцев К.В., Каспранский Р.Р., 20242024Латарцев К.В., Каспранский Р.Р.Latartsev K.V., Kaspranskiy R.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/28

Генетические исследования сегодня позволяют получить достаточно большое количество информации о человеке, на основе которой иногда возможно прогнозировать риски возникновения определенных заболеваний. Это дает основания полагать, что подобное тестирование можно применять и в области пилотируемых космических полетов с целью выявления кандидатов, наиболее приспособленных к специфическим рискам. В статье рассмотрены публикации, посвященные генетическим полиморфизмам и их влиянию на фенотип носителя, а именно на проявления, представляющие интерес в контексте рисков, возникающих во время длительных космических полетов. Перечислены конкретные гены и приведены примеры аллельных вариантов. Уделено также внимание публикациям, описывающим новые молекулярные методы наблюдения за здоровьем человека, определены биомаркеры, которые могут быть использованы для исследований в интересах регулярного обследования действующих космонавтов.

Today, genetic studies yield quite a large amount of information about a person, which, in many cases, allows predicting the risks of certain diseases. This gives grounds to believe that such testing can also be applied in the field of manned spaceflights in order to identify candidates best adapted to specific risks. The article examines publications on genetic polymorphisms and their effects on the carrier phenotype, namely, on such manifestations that are of interest in the context of risks arising during long-term space flights. Specific genes are listed and examples of allelic variants are given. Publications describing new molecular methods of monitoring human health are also considered, biomarkers that can be used for research in the interests of regular examination of active astronauts are identified.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.