mesЭкстремальная биомедицинаExtreme Medicine3033-89643033-8972Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.47183/mes.2024.011mes-29Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWГлобальные и национальные регистры доноров костного мозга: опыт использования, основные трудности и перспективыGlobal and national bone marrow registries: experience of using, main issues, and perspectivesЭйхлерО. В.EichlerO. V.

Москва

Moscow

МиролюбовА. А.MiroliubovA. A.

Александр Александрович Миролюбов

ул. Погодинская, д. 10, стр. 1, г. Москва, 119121

Alexander A. Miroliubov

Pogodinskaya, 10, st. 1, Moscow, 119121

AMiroliubov@cspfmba.ruНечаевД. Н.NechaevD. N.

Москва

Moscow

ТитоваА. ГTitovaA. G.

Москва

Moscow

ТрусовГ. А.TrusovG. A.

Москва

Moscow

ГарбузВ. В.GarbuzV. V.

Москва

Moscow

ЛомовА. Н.LomovA. N.

Москва

Moscow

ЮдинВ. С.YudinV. S.

Москва

Moscow

КескиновА. А.KeskinovA. A.

Москва

Moscow

КраевойС. А.KraevoyS. A.

Москва

Moscow

Федеральное медико-биологическое агентствоРоссияFederal Medical Biological AgencyRussian FederationЦентр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияCentre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological AgencyRussian Federation2024221020242611322Copyright © Эйхлер О.В., Миролюбов А.А., Нечаев Д.Н., Титова А.Г., Трусов Г.А., Гарбуз В.В., Ломов А.Н., Юдин В.С., Кескинов А.А., Краевой С.А., 20242024Эйхлер О.В., Миролюбов А.А., Нечаев Д.Н., Титова А.Г., Трусов Г.А., Гарбуз В.В., Ломов А.Н., Юдин В.С., Кескинов А.А., Краевой С.А.Eichler O.V., Miroliubov A.A., Nechaev D.N., Titova A.G., Trusov G.A., Garbuz V.V., Lomov A.N., Yudin V.S., Keskinov A.A., Kraevoy S.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/29

В статье обобщен ряд представленных в зарубежной литературе сведений, касающихся общих организационно-методических аспектов функционирования регистров доноров костного мозга и гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, проблематики HLA-типирования, технических алгоритмов ранжирования степени совместимости. Описаны изменения мотивационной сферы граждан в ответ на программы популяризации донорства костного мозга, особенности организации рекрутинга, подходы к определению требований к численности регистра с учетом многонациональности и неоднородности этнического состава и алгоритмы их статистической аппроксимации. Кроме того, уделено внимание так называемым специальным организационно- методическим аспектам функционирования регистров и биобанков костного мозга и гемопоэтических стволовых клеток. Последнее важно с точки зрения обеспечения национальной безопасности, адаптации населения к последствиям катастроф, чрезвычайных происшествий и террористических акций, сопровождающихся развитием у большого числа пострадавших костномозговой формы лучевой болезни.

The paper provides the summary of foreign literature data on the organizational and methodological aspects of functioning of the bone marrow and hematopoietic stem cell donor registries, the issues of HLA typing, the technical algorithms for compatibility degree ranking. The changes in the citizens’ motivations in response to the bone marrow donating program popularization are described, along with the features of arranging recruitment, approaches to determining the requirements for the registry population considering the multinationality and heterogeneity of ethnic composition, and the statistical approximation algorithms. Furthermore, attention is paid to the so-called specific aspects of the functioning of bone marrow and hematopoietic stem cell registries and biobanks. The latter is important in terms of ensuring national security, adaptation of the population to the effects of the disasters, emergencies, and terrorist attacks associated with the development of bone marrow syndrome in a large number of victims.

регистркостный мозгHLAдонорытипированиерекрутинг доноровтрансплантациилучевая болезньNMDPWMDAregistrybone marrowHLAdonorstypingdonor recruitmenttransplantsacute radiation syndromeNMDPWMDAReferencesAtlas LD. The National Marrow Donor Program in 2006: constants and challenges. Transfusion. 2006; 46 (7): 1080–4. DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00889.x. PMID: 16836552.Atlas LD. The National Marrow Donor Program in 2006: constants and challenges. Transfusion. 2006; 46 (7): 1080–4. DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00889.x. PMID: 16836552.Grewal SS, Barker JN, Davies SM, Wagner JE. Unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation: marrow or umbilical cord blood? Blood. 2003; 101: 4233–44.Grewal SS, Barker JN, Davies SM, Wagner JE. Unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation: marrow or umbilical cord blood? Blood. 2003; 101: 4233–44.Switzer GE, Dew MA, Stukas AA, Goycoolea JM, Hegland J, Simmons RG. Factors associated with attrition from a national bone marrow registry. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1999; 24 (3): 313–9. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1701884. PMID: 10455372.Switzer GE, Dew MA, Stukas AA, Goycoolea JM, Hegland J, Simmons RG. Factors associated with attrition from a national bone marrow registry. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1999; 24 (3): 313–9. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1701884. PMID: 10455372.Larson EB, Chestnut TM, Beatty PG, Slichter S. The first-year costs of establishing an unrelated bone marrow donor registry. Transfusion. 1990; 30 (2): 138–41. DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1990.30290162899.x.Larson EB, Chestnut TM, Beatty PG, Slichter S. The first-year costs of establishing an unrelated bone marrow donor registry. Transfusion. 1990; 30 (2): 138–41. DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1990.30290162899.x.Ballen KK, King RJ, Chitphakdithai P, Bolan CD Jr, Agura E, Hartzman RJ, et al. The national marrow donor program 20 years of unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2008; 14 (9): 2–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.05.017. PMID: 18721774.Ballen KK, King RJ, Chitphakdithai P, Bolan CD Jr, Agura E, Hartzman RJ, et al. The national marrow donor program 20 years of unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2008; 14 (9): 2–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.05.017. PMID: 18721774.Flickinger GH, Hsu S, Yu N, Lebedeva TV, Dong W, Barone J, et al. 1-OR: HLA-typing of DNA from buccal swab and dried blood samples following prolonged storage at room temperature. Human Immunology. 2013; 74: 1. ISSN 0198-8859. DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.08.012.Flickinger GH, Hsu S, Yu N, Lebedeva TV, Dong W, Barone J, et al. 1-OR: HLA-typing of DNA from buccal swab and dried blood samples following prolonged storage at room temperature. Human Immunology. 2013; 74: 1. ISSN 0198-8859. DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.08.012.Cacioppo JT, Gardner WL. What underlies medical donor attitudes and behavior? Health Psychol. 1993; 12: 269–71.Cacioppo JT, Gardner WL. What underlies medical donor attitudes and behavior? Health Psychol. 1993; 12: 269–71.Glasgow ME, Bello G. Bone marrow donation: factors influencing intentions in African Americans. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2007; 34: 369–77.Glasgow ME, Bello G. Bone marrow donation: factors influencing intentions in African Americans. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2007; 34: 369–77.Sanner MA. Registered bone marrow donors’ views on bodily donations. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1997; 19: 67–76.Sanner MA. Registered bone marrow donors’ views on bodily donations. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1997; 19: 67–76.Laver JH, Hulsey TC, Jones JP, Gautreaux M, Barredo JC, Abboud MR. Assessment of barriers to bone marrow donation by unrelated African-American potential donors. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2001; 7: 45–8.Laver JH, Hulsey TC, Jones JP, Gautreaux M, Barredo JC, Abboud MR. Assessment of barriers to bone marrow donation by unrelated African-American potential donors. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2001; 7: 45–8.Klingle RS, Aune KS. Effects of a daytime serial and a public service announcement in promoting cognitions, attitudes, and behaviors related to bone-marrow testing. Health Commun. 1994; 6: 225–45.Klingle RS, Aune KS. Effects of a daytime serial and a public service announcement in promoting cognitions, attitudes, and behaviors related to bone-marrow testing. Health Commun. 1994; 6: 225–45.Sarason IG, Sarason BR, Slichter SJ, Beatty PG, Meyer DM, Bolgiano DC. Increasing participation of blood donors in a bonemarrow registry. Health Psychol. 1993; 12: 272–6.Sarason IG, Sarason BR, Slichter SJ, Beatty PG, Meyer DM, Bolgiano DC. Increasing participation of blood donors in a bonemarrow registry. Health Psychol. 1993; 12: 272–6.Studts J, Ruberg J, McGuffin S, et al. Decisions to register for the National Marrow Donor Program: rational vs emotional appeals. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2010; 45: 422–8. DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2009.174.Studts J, Ruberg J, McGuffin S, et al. Decisions to register for the National Marrow Donor Program: rational vs emotional appeals. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2010; 45: 422–8. DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2009.174.Barriga F, Solloch UV, Giani A, Palma J, Wietstruck A, Sarmiento M, et al. 5 years DKMS Chile: approach, results and impact of the first unrelated stem cell donor center in Chile. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023; 10: 1236506. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1236506. PMID: 37901400. PMCID: PMC10601464.Barriga F, Solloch UV, Giani A, Palma J, Wietstruck A, Sarmiento M, et al. 5 years DKMS Chile: approach, results and impact of the first unrelated stem cell donor center in Chile. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023; 10: 1236506. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1236506. PMID: 37901400. PMCID: PMC10601464.Tiwari AK, Mishra VC, Tiwari A, Dorwal P, Gupta K, Chandra D, et al. Matched unrelated donor hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation: A report based on a single registry in India. Leuk Res Rep. 2019; 11: 17–20. DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2019.03.003. PMID: 30963025. PMCID: PMC6434059.Tiwari AK, Mishra VC, Tiwari A, Dorwal P, Gupta K, Chandra D, et al. Matched unrelated donor hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation: A report based on a single registry in India. Leuk Res Rep. 2019; 11: 17–20. DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2019.03.003. PMID: 30963025. PMCID: PMC6434059.Логинова М. А., Парамонов И. В. Опыт работы регистра потенциальных доноров гемопоэтических стволовых клеток. Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии. 2014; 13 (1): 9–12. EDN SCMRCX.Loginova MA, Paramonov IV. Experience gained in the activity of the Potential Hematopoietic Stem Cells Donor Registry. Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology. 2014; 13 (1): 9–12. EDN SCMRCX. Russian.Confer DL. The National Marrow Donor Program. Meeting the needs of the medically underserved. Cancer. 2001; 91 (1): 274–8. DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20010101)91:1+<274::aid-cncr18>3.0.co;2-e. PMID: 11148593.Confer DL. The National Marrow Donor Program. Meeting the needs of the medically underserved. Cancer. 2001; 91 (1): 274–8. DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20010101)91:1+<274::aid-cncr18>3.0.co;2-e. PMID: 11148593.Monaghan M, Yi QL, Green M, Campbell T, Weiss JT, Dibdin N, et al. Factors associated with registrant availability for unrelated adult donor hematopoietic stem cell donation: Analysis of the stem cell registry at Canadian Blood Services. Transfusion. 2021; 61 (1): 24–8. DOI: 10.1111/trf.16129. PMID: 33084098.Monaghan M, Yi QL, Green M, Campbell T, Weiss JT, Dibdin N, et al. Factors associated with registrant availability for unrelated adult donor hematopoietic stem cell donation: Analysis of the stem cell registry at Canadian Blood Services. Transfusion. 2021; 61 (1): 24–8. DOI: 10.1111/trf.16129. PMID: 33084098.Schmidt A, Amer B, Halet M, et al. Qualifications and training of adult stem cell donor recruiters: recommendations by the World Marrow Donor Association. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2013; 48: 148–50. DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2012.98.Schmidt A, Amer B, Halet M, et al. Qualifications and training of adult stem cell donor recruiters: recommendations by the World Marrow Donor Association. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2013; 48: 148–50. DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2012.98.Pidala J, Mupfudze TG, Payton T, Barker J, Perales MA, Shaw BE, et al. Urgent time to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a national survey of transplant physicians and unrelated donor search coordinators facilitated by the histocompatibility advisory group to the National Marrow Donor Program. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2019; 25 (12): 2501–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.08.002. PMID: 31419569. PMCID: PMC7307219.Pidala J, Mupfudze TG, Payton T, Barker J, Perales MA, Shaw BE, et al. Urgent time to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a national survey of transplant physicians and unrelated donor search coordinators facilitated by the histocompatibility advisory group to the National Marrow Donor Program. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2019; 25 (12): 2501–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.08.002. PMID: 31419569. PMCID: PMC7307219.Hashimoto S, Nakajima F, Imanishi T, Kawai Y, Kato K, Kimura T, et al. Implications of HLA diversity among regions for bone marrow donor searches in Japan. HLA. 2020; 96 (1): 24–42. DOI: 10.1111/tan.13881. PMID: 32222025.Hashimoto S, Nakajima F, Imanishi T, Kawai Y, Kato K, Kimura T, et al. Implications of HLA diversity among regions for bone marrow donor searches in Japan. HLA. 2020; 96 (1): 24–42. DOI: 10.1111/tan.13881. PMID: 32222025.Aljurf M, Weisdorf D, Alfraih F, Szer J, Müller C, Confer D, et al. Worldwide Network for Blood & Marrow Transplantation (WBMT) special article, challenges facing emerging alternate donor registries. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2019; 54 (8): 1179–88. DOI: 10.1038/s41409-019-0476-6. PMID: 30778127. PMCID: PMC6760540.Aljurf M, Weisdorf D, Alfraih F, Szer J, Müller C, Confer D, et al. Worldwide Network for Blood & Marrow Transplantation (WBMT) special article, challenges facing emerging alternate donor registries. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2019; 54 (8): 1179–88. DOI: 10.1038/s41409-019-0476-6. PMID: 30778127. PMCID: PMC6760540.Halagan M, Manor S, Shriki N, Yaniv I, Zisser B, Madbouly A, et al. East Meets West-Impact of Ethnicity on Donor Match Rates in the Ezer Mizion Bone Marrow Donor Registry. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2017; 23 (8): 1381–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.04.005. PMID: 28396163.Halagan M, Manor S, Shriki N, Yaniv I, Zisser B, Madbouly A, et al. East Meets West-Impact of Ethnicity on Donor Match Rates in the Ezer Mizion Bone Marrow Donor Registry. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2017; 23 (8): 1381–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.04.005. PMID: 28396163.Bishara A, Manor S, Tanous M, Eitiel Y, Cereb N, Zisser B. Identification and characterization of 122 novel HLA alleles in bone marrow donors recruited to the Ezer Mizion Bone Marrow Donor Registry. HLA. 2023; 101 (5): 507–12. DOI: 10.1111/tan.14933. PMID: 36480313.Bishara A, Manor S, Tanous M, Eitiel Y, Cereb N, Zisser B. Identification and characterization of 122 novel HLA alleles in bone marrow donors recruited to the Ezer Mizion Bone Marrow Donor Registry. HLA. 2023; 101 (5): 507–12. DOI: 10.1111/tan.14933. PMID: 36480313.Kollman C, Maiers M, Gragert L, Müller C, Setterholm M, Oudshoorn M, et al. Estimation of HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 haplotype frequencies using mixed resolution data from a National Registry with selective retyping of volunteers. Hum Immunol. 2007; 68 (12): 950–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2007.10.009. PMID: 18191722.Kollman C, Maiers M, Gragert L, Müller C, Setterholm M, Oudshoorn M, et al. Estimation of HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 haplotype frequencies using mixed resolution data from a National Registry with selective retyping of volunteers. Hum Immunol. 2007; 68 (12): 950–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2007.10.009. PMID: 18191722.Slater N, Louzoun Y, Gragert L, Maiers M, Chatterjee A, Albrecht M. Power laws for heavy-tailed distributions: modeling allele and haplotype diversity for the national marrow donor program. PLoS Comput Biol. 2015; 11 (4): e1004204. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004204. PMID: 25901749. PMCID: PMC4406525.Slater N, Louzoun Y, Gragert L, Maiers M, Chatterjee A, Albrecht M. Power laws for heavy-tailed distributions: modeling allele and haplotype diversity for the national marrow donor program. PLoS Comput Biol. 2015; 11 (4): e1004204. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004204. PMID: 25901749. PMCID: PMC4406525.Spellman S, Setterholm M, Maiers M, et al. Advances in the selection of HLA-compatible donors: refinements in HLA typing and matching over the first 20 years of the National Marrow Donor Program Registry. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2008; 14 (9): 37–44.Spellman S, Setterholm M, Maiers M, et al. Advances in the selection of HLA-compatible donors: refinements in HLA typing and matching over the first 20 years of the National Marrow Donor Program Registry. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2008; 14 (9): 37–44.Paunic V, Gragert L, Schneider J, Muller C, Maiers M. Charting improvements in US registry HLA typing ambiguity using a typing resolution score. Hum Immunol. 2016; 77 (7): 542–9.Paunic V, Gragert L, Schneider J, Muller C, Maiers M. Charting improvements in US registry HLA typing ambiguity using a typing resolution score. Hum Immunol. 2016; 77 (7): 542–9.Schmidt AH, Sauter J, Baier DM, Daiss J, Keller A, Klussmeier A, et al. Immunogenetics in stem cell donor registry work: The DKMS example (Part 1). Int J Immunogenet. 2020; 47 (1): 13–23. DOI: 10.1111/iji.12471. PMID: 31903698. PMCID: PMC7003907.Schmidt AH, Sauter J, Baier DM, Daiss J, Keller A, Klussmeier A, et al. Immunogenetics in stem cell donor registry work: The DKMS example (Part 1). Int J Immunogenet. 2020; 47 (1): 13–23. DOI: 10.1111/iji.12471. PMID: 31903698. PMCID: PMC7003907.Picardi A, Arcese W, Pollichieni S, Di Piazza F, Mangione I, Gallina AM, et al. The Rome Transplant Network model compared to the Italian Bone Marrow Donor Registry activity for unrelated donor search process and transplant efficiency for hematologic malignancy. Transfusion. 2017; 57 (7): 1734–43. DOI: 10.1111/trf.14131. PMID: 28608367.Picardi A, Arcese W, Pollichieni S, Di Piazza F, Mangione I, Gallina AM, et al. The Rome Transplant Network model compared to the Italian Bone Marrow Donor Registry activity for unrelated donor search process and transplant efficiency for hematologic malignancy. Transfusion. 2017; 57 (7): 1734–43. DOI: 10.1111/trf.14131. PMID: 28608367.Bray RA, Hurley CK, Kamani NR, Woolfrey A, Müller C, Spellman S, et al. National Marrow Donor Program HLA Matching Guidelines for Unrelated Adult Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplants. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2008; 14 (9): 45–53. ISSN 1083-8791. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.06.014.Bray RA, Hurley CK, Kamani NR, Woolfrey A, Müller C, Spellman S, et al. National Marrow Donor Program HLA Matching Guidelines for Unrelated Adult Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplants. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2008; 14 (9): 45–53. ISSN 1083-8791. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.06.014.Petersdorf EW. Immunogenetics of unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Curr Opin Immunol. 2006; 18: 559–64.Petersdorf EW. Immunogenetics of unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Curr Opin Immunol. 2006; 18: 559–64.Fasano R, et al. Genotyping applications for transplantation and transfusion management: the Emory experience. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2017; 141 (3): 329–40. DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0277-SA.Fasano R, et al. Genotyping applications for transplantation and transfusion management: the Emory experience. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2017; 141 (3): 329–40. DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0277-SA.Nikolaou K, Kalatzis FG, Giannakeas N, Markoula S, Chatzikyriakidou A, Georgiou I, Fotiadis DI. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (SSOP) genotyping assay for detection of genes associated with rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2010; 2010: 6202–5. DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2010.5627739. PMID: 21097159.Nikolaou K, Kalatzis FG, Giannakeas N, Markoula S, Chatzikyriakidou A, Georgiou I, Fotiadis DI. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (SSOP) genotyping assay for detection of genes associated with rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2010; 2010: 6202–5. DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2010.5627739. PMID: 21097159.Wittig M, Anmarkrud J, Kässens J, Koch S, Forster M, Ellinghaus E, et al. Development of a high-resolution NGS-based HLA-typing and analysis pipeline. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015; 43: e70. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv184.Wittig M, Anmarkrud J, Kässens J, Koch S, Forster M, Ellinghaus E, et al. Development of a high-resolution NGS-based HLA-typing and analysis pipeline. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015; 43: e70. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv184.Robinson J, Halliwell J, Hayhurst J, Flicek P, Parham P, Marsh S. The IPD and IMGT/HLA database: allele variant databases. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015; 43: D423–D431. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1161.Robinson J, Halliwell J, Hayhurst J, Flicek P, Parham P, Marsh S. The IPD and IMGT/HLA database: allele variant databases. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015; 43: D423–D431. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1161.Sanchez-Mazas A, Nunes JM, Middleton D, et al. Common and well-documented HLA alleles over all of Europe and within European sub-regions: a catalogue from the European Federation for Immunogenetics. HLA. 2017; 89 (2): 104–13.Sanchez-Mazas A, Nunes JM, Middleton D, et al. Common and well-documented HLA alleles over all of Europe and within European sub-regions: a catalogue from the European Federation for Immunogenetics. HLA. 2017; 89 (2): 104–13.Mack SJ, Cano P, Hollenbach JA, et al. Common and welldocumented HLA alleles: 2012 update to the CWD catalogue. Tissue Antigens. 2013; 81 (4): 194–203.Mack SJ, Cano P, Hollenbach JA, et al. Common and welldocumented HLA alleles: 2012 update to the CWD catalogue. Tissue Antigens. 2013; 81 (4): 194–203.He Y, Li J, Mao W, et al. HLA common and well-documented alleles in China. HLA. 2018; 92 (4): 199–205.He Y, Li J, Mao W, et al. HLA common and well-documented alleles in China. HLA. 2018; 92 (4): 199–205.Pingel J, Case C Jr, Amer B, Hornung RA 3rd, Schmidt AH. Quality Assurance Working Group of the World Marrow Donor Association. World marrow donor association crisis response, business continuity, and disaster recovery guidelines. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2012; 18 (12): 1785–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2012.08.006. PMID: 22967871.Pingel J, Case C Jr, Amer B, Hornung RA 3rd, Schmidt AH. Quality Assurance Working Group of the World Marrow Donor Association. World marrow donor association crisis response, business continuity, and disaster recovery guidelines. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2012; 18 (12): 1785–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2012.08.006. PMID: 22967871.Kaiser J. Should Japan Bank Stem Cells From Fukushima Nuclear Workers? [cited 2023 November 2]. Available from: https://www.science.org/content/article/should-japan-bankstem-cells-fukushima-nuclear-workers.Kaiser J. Should Japan Bank Stem Cells From Fukushima Nuclear Workers? [cited 2023 November 2]. Available from: https://www.science.org/content/article/should-japan-bankstem-cells-fukushima-nuclear-workers.McCullough J, Perkins HA, Hansen J. The National Marrow Donor Program with emphasis on the early years. Transfusion. 2006; 46 (7): 1248–55. DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00842.x. PMID: 16836575.McCullough J, Perkins HA, Hansen J. The National Marrow Donor Program with emphasis on the early years. Transfusion. 2006; 46 (7): 1248–55. DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00842.x. PMID: 16836575.Постникова Н. С. Планируемые изменения законодательства о трансплантации тканей и органов. Какие сложности вызовет вступление в силу нового федерального закона в области трансплантации? Процедура получения согласия пациентов, не включенных в регистры доноров. Правовые вопросы в здравоохранении. 2015; 8: 22–35. EDN UEKKHD.Postnikova NS. Planiruemye izmeneniya zakonodatel'stva o transplantatsii tkaney i organov. Kakie slozhnosti vyzovet vstuplenie v silu novogo federal'nogo zakona v oblasti transplantatsii? Protsedura polucheniya soglasiya patsientov, ne vklyuchennykh v registry donorov. Pravovye voprosy v zdravookhranenii. 2015; 8: 22–35. EDN UEKKHD. Russian.Галеева Г. Р. Некоторые аспекты предлагаемых изменений законодательства в области трансплантации органов в России. Проект федерального закона «О донорстве органов человека и их трансплантации». Вестник Волжского университета имени В. Н. Татищева. 2014; 4 (81): 119–24. EDN TFYLHX.Galeeva GR. Some aspects of the proposed legislative changes in organ transplantation in Russia. The draft federal law «On the donation of human organs and transplantation». Vestnik of Volga Region University named after VN Tatishchev. 2014; 4 (81): 119– 24. EDN TFYLHX. Russian.Иванова Г. Ю., Туснолобова С. Д. Необходимость создания Федерального регистра доноров костного мозга в Российской Федерации. Студенческий вестник. 2022; 47–5 (239): 31–2. EDN QXXTKK.Ivanova GYu, Tusnolobova SD. Neobkhodimost' sozdaniya Federal'nogo registra donorov kostnogo mozga v Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Studencheskiy vestnik. 2022; 47–5 (239): 31–2. EDN QXXTKK. Russian.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.