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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8964</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2025-297</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-297</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СПОРТИВНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SPORTS MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Потенциально значимые маркеры резидуальных нарушений системы иммунитета и свертывания крови у спортсменов, переболевших COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Potentially significant markers of immune system and blood clotting residual disorders in athletes with a history of COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3807-3286</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефимов</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efimov</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ефимов Павел Владимирович</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel V. Efimov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">efimovvpavel@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-7578</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасова</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тарасова Мария Сергеевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya S. Tarasova</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tarasovams@sportfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-9761</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жолинский</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zholinsky</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жолинский Андрей Владимирович, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Zholinsky, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fnkcsm@sportfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-9936</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парастаев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parastaev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Парастаев Сергей Андреевич, д-р. мед. наук , профессор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Parastaev, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">parastaevsa@sportfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научно-клинический центр спортивной медицины и реабилитации Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research and Clinical Center of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова; Федеральный научно-клинический центр спортивной медицины и реабилитации Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>243</fpage><lpage>248</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ефимов П.В., Тарасова М.С., Жолинский А.В., Парастаев С.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ефимов П.В., Тарасова М.С., Жолинский А.В., Парастаев С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Efimov P.V., Tarasova M.S., Zholinsky A.V., Parastaev S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/297">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/297</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Увеличение числа пациентов с постковидным синдромом, в том числе среди спортсменов, требует усовершенствования методов диагностики долгосрочных последствий данного заболевания. Исследование изменений в системе свертывания крови и иммунной регуляции у ограниченной по численности, но однородной по ключевым характеристикам группы спортсменов (интенсивные физические нагрузки и тщательный мониторинг здоровья) с постковидным синдромом может помочь выявить надежные диагностические и прогностические биомаркеры этого состояния.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Сравнительный анализ особенностей цитокинового профиля и системы гемостаза как перспективных прогностических маркеров диагностики постковидного синдрома у спортсменов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Выполнено обследование 60 спортсменов (24 мужчины и 36 женщин, средний возраст 20,80 ± 1,86 года). Все участники были распределены на 2 группы: группа 1 — 40 атлетов, перенесших коронавирусную инфекцию; группа 2 (контроль) — 20 атлетов, не болевших COVID-19. Спортсмены специализировались в различных видах спорта: фигурное катание, художественная гимнастика, легкая атлетика, регби и спортивная борьба. Для оценки резидуальных явлений COVID-19 у всех участников исследовали биохимические показатели: активность аланинаминотрансферазы, аспартатаминотрансферазы, уровень С-реактивного белка, уровень тропонина-I; показатели гемостаза: протромбиновое время (ПТВ), протромбиновый индекс (ПТИ), активированное частичное тромбопластиновое время (АЧТВ), международное нормализованное отношение (МНО), D-димер; показатели иммунного статуса: интерлейкины-6, -8, -10 (ИЛ-6, -8, -10 соответственно), фактор некроза опухолей-α (ФНО-α). Статистическая обработка данных проводилась с помощью программного обеспечения Statistica 10.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлено повышение времени свертывания по показателям АЧТВ, протромбинового времени, международного нормализованного отношения и снижение протромбинового индекса (p &lt; 0,05). Также были обнаружены статистически значимые различия в функциональном состоянии иммунной системы повышение ИЛ-8 в 2,5 раза до 7,42 [3,08; 9,96] пг/мл и ИЛ-10 в 2 раза до уровня 5,08 [2,93; 6,66] пг/мл в группе атлетов, переболевших COVID-19, по сравнению с аналогичными показателями у не болевших COVID-19 спортсменов — 3,05 [1,86; 8,15] пг/мл и 2,53 [1,0; 5,68] пг/мл (р ≤ 0,05). Установлена прямая корреляционная связь между повышением уровня ИЛ-8 и повышением ПТВ (rs = 0,355; p &lt; 0,05) и МНО (rs = 0,420; p &lt; 0,05) у спортсменов, переболевших коронавирусной инфекцией. В то же время отрицательная ассоциация была выявлена между повышением уровня ИЛ-8 и снижением ПТИ (rs = -0,323; p &lt; 0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Более высокие уровни активирующих цитокинов и низкие значения параметров в противовоспалительном звене иммунитета указывают на остаточные дизрегуляторные явления в иммунной системе при постковидном синдроме. Выявленные взаимосвязи между показателями коагулограммы и компонентами иммунного ответа позволяют рассматривать их как возможные диагностические маркеры остаточных явлений после перенесенной коронавирусной инфекции. Полученные данные подтверждают состоятельность показателей ИЛ-8 и ИЛ-10 в качестве потенциальных маркеров резидуальных нарушений после COVID-19 у спортсменов. Однако стоит учитывать, что объемы выборок были небольшими и при увеличении количества наблюдений соотношения могут измениться.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The increase in the number of patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, including athletes, requires improved diagnostic methods for the long-term effects of this disease. The study of changes in the blood-clotting sequence and immune regulation in a limited but homogeneous group of athletes (intense physical activity and careful health monitoring) with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 can contribute to identification of reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of this condition.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. A comparative analysis of the cytokine profile and hemostasis system features as promising prognostic markers for the diagnosis of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in athletes.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. 60 athletes (24 men and 36 women, average age 20.8 ± 1.86 years) were examined. All participants were divided into two groups: group 1 — 40 athletes who had suffered from coronavirus infection; group 2 (control) — 20 athletes who had not had COVID-19. The athletes specialized in various sports: figure skating, rhythmic gymnastics, athletics, rugby, and wrestling. To assess the residual effects of COVID-19, biochemical parameters were studied in all participants: alanine aminotransferase activity, aspartate aminotransferase, C-reactive protein level, troponin-I level; hemostasis parameters: prothrombin time (PT), prothrombin index (PTI), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), international normalized ratio (INR), D-dimer; immune status indicators: interleukins-6, -8, -10 (IL-6, -8, -10, respectively), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Statistical data processing was carried out using the Statistica 10 software.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. An increase in clotting time was revealed in terms of aPTT, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, and a decrease in the prothrombin index (p &lt; 0.05). Statistically significant differences in the functional state of the immune system were also found: an increase of IL-8 from 2.5 to 7.42 times [3.08; 9.96] pg/mL and IL-10 from 2 to 5.08 times [2.93; 6.66] pg/mL compared to similar indicators in athletes who had not suffered from COVID-19 — 3.05 [1.86; 8.15] pg/mL and 2.53 [1.0; 5.68] pg/mL (p &lt; 0.05) in the group of athletes who had undergone COVID-19. A direct correlation was established between an increase in IL-8 levels and an increase in PT (rs = 0.355; p &lt; 0.05) and INR (rs = 0.420; p &lt; 0.05) in athletes who had undergone a coronavirus infection. At the same time, a negative association was found between an increase in IL-8 levels and a decrease in PTI (rs = –0.323; p &lt; 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Higher levels of activating cytokines and lower values of parameters of the anti-inflammatory immune system indicate residual dysregulatory phenomena in the immune system in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. The revealed relationships between the coagulation profile and the components of the immune response allow these relationships to be considered as possible diagnostic markers of residual phenomena after coronavirus infection. The data obtained confirm the validity of IL-8 and IL-10 indicators as potential markers of residual disorders after COVID-19 in athletes. However, these findings should be verified on larger samples, where the observed ratios may show a different dynamics.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спортсмены</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>постковидный синдром</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>коагулограмма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>athletes</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>post-acute sequelae of COVID-19</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>coagulation profile</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках прикладной научно-исследовательской работы «Изучение влияния новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 на здоровье и функциональное состояние высококвалифицированных спортсменов и разработка методических рекомендаций по обследованию спортсменов, включая несовершеннолетних, по допуску спортсменов к тренировкам и соревнованиям после перенесенного заболевания COVID-19, по восстановлению их здоровья и функционального состояния» (шифр «COVID-22»), проводимой Федеральным научно-клиническим центром спортивной медицины и реабилитации ФМБА России по государственному контракту № 107.003.22.14 от 25.07.2022.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of applied research work “Studying the impact of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 on the health and functional condition of highly qualified athletes and developing methodological recommendations for the examination of athletes, including minors, for the admission of athletes to training and competitions after suffering from COVID-19, to restore their health and functional condition” (cipher “COVID-22”), conducted by the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation under state contract No. 107.003.22.14 of 25 July 2022.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marques A, Henriques-Neto D, Peralta M, Martins J, Demetriou Y, Schönbach DMI, de Matos MG. 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