mesЭкстремальная биомедицинаExtreme Medicine2713-27572713-2765Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.47183/mes.2025-301mes-301Research ArticleКОСМИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНАSPACE MEDICINEПерспективы применения анализа слезной жидкости в космической медицинеProspects of application of tear fluid analysis in aerospace medicinehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9364-6369CенчиловМ. О.SenchilovM. O.

Сенчилов Михаил Олегович

Москва

Mikhail O. Senchilov

Moscow

m.senchilov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-0425МанькоО. М.MankoO. M.

Манько Ольга Михайловна, д-р мед. наук

Москва

Olga M. Manko, Dr. Sci. (Med.)

Moscow

olgamanko@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-889XВасильеваГ. Ю.VasillievaG. U.

Васильева Галина Юрьевна, канд. мед. наук

Москва

Galina U. Vasillieva, Cand. Sci. (Med.)

Moscow

galvassilieva@mail.ruФедеральное медико-биологическое агентство; Институт медико-биологических проблем РАНРоссияFederal Medical Biological Agency; Institute for Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationИнститут медико-биологических проблем РАНРоссияInstitute for Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202526062025272191196Copyright © Cенчилов М.О., Манько О.М., Васильева Г.Ю., 20252025Cенчилов М.О., Манько О.М., Васильева Г.Ю.Senchilov M.O., Manko O.M., Vasillieva G.U.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/301Введение

Введение. Усовершенствование методов дистанционного контроля состояния здоровья космонавтов, а также поиск новых неинвазивных биомаркеров метаболической адаптации к условиям микрогравитации являются приоритетными задачами космической медицины.

Цель

Цель. Оценка возможности использования анализа отдельных показателей слезной жидкости в космической медицине.

Обсуждение

Обсуждение. Выявлен ряд перспектив применения анализа состава слезы человека для определения биомаркеров различных нарушений организма, происходящих в условиях действия факторов космического полета и при их имитации. Приоритетным методом забора слезной жидкости в условиях космического полета является использование фильтровальной бумаги ввиду относительной атравматичности, простоты метода, более легкой пробоподготовки биообразцов для анализа. Установлено, что в нестимулированной слезной жидкости содержатся белки, обладающие антибактериальной активностью: лизоцим, липокалин и секреторный иммуноглобулин А, причем отмечено выраженное повышение концентрации лизоцима в слезной жидкости относительно до- и послеполетных величин. Описаны изменения концентраций натрийуретического пептида, ангиотензина-II, дофамина и α2-макроглобулина в условиях истинной и моделируемой микрогравитации. Обнаружен высокий диагностический потенциал определения уровня D-димера в слезной жидкости при воздействии экстремальных факторов космического полета.

Выводы

Выводы. На основании анализа данных литературы подчеркивается существенный теоретический потенциал применения количественного определения натрийуретического пептида, D-димера и отдельных компонентов дофаминовой и ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой систем в слезной жидкости для неинвазивной диагностики ассоциированных с факторами космического полета патологических процессов.

Introduction

Introduction. The improvement of methods for remote health monitoring of astronauts, as well as the search for new noninvasive biomarkers of metabolic adaptation to microgravity conditions, are priority directions in the field of aerospace medicine.

Objective

Objective. To assess the possibility of using individual indicators of tear fluid in aerospace medicine.

Discussion

Discussion. A number of prospects for the application of human tear biomarkers to determine disorders occurring under the influence of spaceflight factors or during their imitation were identified. The use of filter paper is a priority method for collecting lachrymal fluid in spaceflight conditions due to its relative noninvasiveness and simplicity of sample preparation for assay. It was found that the unstimulated tear fluid contains proteins with an antibacterial activity: lysozyme, lipocalin, and secretory immunoglobulin A. The concentration of lysozyme in the tear fluid shows a marked increase relative to pre- and post-flight values. Changes in the concentration of natriuretic peptide, angiotensin II, dopamine, and α2-macroglobulin under conditions of real and simulated microgravity are described. A high diagnostic potential of determining the level of D-dimer in tear fluid under the influence of extreme factors of space flight was established.

Conclusions

Conclusions. The conducted literature review emphasizes the significant theoretical potential for the quantitative determination of natriuretic peptide, D-dimer, and individual components of the dopamine and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems in tear fluid for noninvasive diagnostics of pathological processes associated with spaceflight factors.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.