mesЭкстремальная биомедицинаExtreme Medicine3033-89643033-8972Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.47183/mes.2025-316mes-316Research ArticleРАДИОБИОЛОГИЯRADIOBIOLOGYПерспективы использования альфа-2-макроглобулина как противолучевого средстваProspects for the use of alpha-2-macroglobulin as a radioprotective agenthttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9183-7663ЗоринаВ. Н.ZorinaV. N.

Зорина Вероника Николаевна - д-р биол. наук

Санкт-Петербург

Veronika N. Zorina

St. Petersburg

nilimmun@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5415-6460ЕвдокимоваЕ. А.EvdokimovaE. A.

Евдокимова Елена Алексеевна

Санкт-Петербург

Elena A. Evdokimova

St. Petersburg

niao@toxicology.ruНаучно-клинический центр токсикологии им. академика С.Н. Голикова Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияGolikov Research Center of ToxicologyRussian Federation202517112025274516524Copyright © Зорина В.Н., Евдокимова Е.А., 20252025Зорина В.Н., Евдокимова Е.А.Zorina V.N., Evdokimova E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/316Введение

Введение. Многообразие клинических проявлений лучевой болезни создает значительные сложности в разработке универсального средства профилактики и терапии радиационных поражений.

Цель

Цель. Оценка перспектив использования альфа-2-макроглобулина (α2-МГ) как противолучевого средства.

Обсуждение

Обсуждение. Установлено, что существующие средства не позволяют одновременно реализовать несколько механизмов противолучевого действия, основным направлением является разработка комплексных рецептур. Однако многие радиопротекторы токсичны и имеют побочные эффекты, разнонаправленность их воздействия препятствует комплексному применению. Известно, что α2-МГ, помимо ингибирования протеиназ, задействован в обмене липидов и регуляции антиоксидантной системы, влияет на активность ферментов, связывает и транспортирует многие цитокины, воздействует на функции иммунокомпетентных клеток, контролирует развитие воспалительной реакции и процессы ремоделирования тканей. Опубликован ряд работ, подтверждающих, что α2-МГ является перспективным радиопротектором и основным компонентом врожденной радиозащиты.

Выводы

Выводы. Препараты полифункциональных белков крови человека могут служить основой для разработки средств профилактики и лечения радиационных поражений. Введение α2-МГ в организм снижает летальность, защищает ДНК от повреждения, снижает уровень окислительного стресса, уменьшает выраженность лейкопении и тромбоцитопении, количество очагов некроза. Требуются дополнительные исследования радиозащитных свойств данного белка и оптимизация методов выделения из крови под производственные нужды.

Introduction

Introduction. The diversity of clinical manifestations of radiation sickness creates significant difficulties in the development of a versatile means for the prevention and treatment of radiation injuries.

Objective

Objective. Assessment of the prospects for using alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2M) as a radioprotective agent.

Discussion

Discussion. The existing agents were established to be incapable of simultaneous implementation of multiple mechanisms of radioprotective action, rendering the development of complex formulations the primary research direction. However, the toxicity, side effects, and multidirectional nature of many radioprotectors hinders their combined application. Along with inhibiting proteinases, alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2M) is involved in lipid metabolism and regulation of the antioxidant system. It influences enzyme activity, binds and transports numerous cytokines, affects the functions of immunocompetent cells, and controls the development of the inflammatory response and tissue remodeling processes. A number of published studies confirm α2M to be a promising radioprotector and a key component of innate radioprotection.

Conclusions

Conclusions. Preparations based on human blood polyfunctional proteins can serve as a basis for the development of means for preventing and treating radiation injuries. The α2M administration into the body reduces lethality, protects DNA from damage, lowers the oxidative stress level, mitigates the severity of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, and reduces the number of necrosis foci. Further research into the radioprotective properties of this protein and the optimization of methods for its isolation from blood for industrial-scale production are required.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.