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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8964</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2025-321</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-321</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трансгенез по гену ACE2 усиливает память о психофизиологической травме в модели посттравматического стрессового расстройства у мышей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ACE2 gene  transgenesis enhances memory of psychophysiological trauma in mouse models of post-traumatic stress disorder</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0546-8767</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимошина</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timoshina</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимошина Юлия Анатольевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia A. Timoshina</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yutimoshina@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2907-9720</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дейнекина</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Deinekina</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дейнекина Татьяна Сергеевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana S. Deinekina </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tdeinekina@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7876-5977</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савинкова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savinkova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савинкова Елена Владимировна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Savinkova </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">esavinkova@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9199-6258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдин</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudin</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юдин Владимир Сергеевич, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir S. Yudin, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VYudin@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7378-983X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кескинов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Keskinov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кескинов Антон Артурович, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton A. Keskinov, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Keskinov@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9495-0266</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макаров Валентин Владимирович, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentin V. Makarov, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Makarov@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6441-4363</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андяржанова</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anderzhanova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андяржанова Эльмира Алиякбяровна, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elmira A. Anderzhanova, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">EAnderzhanova@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>341</fpage><lpage>350</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тимошина Ю.А., Дейнекина Т.С., Савинкова Е.В., Юдин В.С., Кескинов А.А., Макаров В.В., Андяржанова Э.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тимошина Ю.А., Дейнекина Т.С., Савинкова Е.В., Юдин В.С., Кескинов А.А., Макаров В.В., Андяржанова Э.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Timoshina Y.A., Deinekina T.S., Savinkova E.V., Yudin V.S., Keskinov A.A., Makarov V.V., Anderzhanova E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/321">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/321</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Развитие симптомов посттравматического стрессового расстройства (ПТСР) определяется комплексом факторов, которые не ограничиваются принадлежностью к классическим нейротрансмиттерным системам мозга или стрессовым гормонам. В частности, в механизмы ПТСР возможно вовлечение ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой системы мозга.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучение влияния экспрессии гена hACE2 ангиотензинпревращающего фермента 2-го типа (ACE2) на тревожность и восприимчивость к психофизиологическому стрессу при моделировании ПТСР-подобного состояния у мышей, осуществленному с применением электрошока (ЭШ) конечностей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Эксперименты были проведены на самцах мышей линий C57Bl/6N и k18-hACE2 возрастом 4–5 месяцев. Было сформировано три группы мышей линии C57Bl/6N: группа «контроль» (n = 7); группа «электрошок (ЭШ)» (n = 7); группа «ЭШ + лизиноприл» (n = 7); две группы мышей линии k18-hACE2: группа «контроль» (n = 7); группа «ЭШ» (n = 8). Проведено обусловливание реакции страха по Павлову с использованием ЭШ конечностей в качестве безусловного стимула. Мыши группы «ЭШ + лизиноприл» в течение 28 дней после психофизиологической травмы получали лизиноприл в дозе 10 мг/кг в сутки с питьевой водой. Оценку экспрессии реакции страха, отражающей память о психофизиологической травме, проводили на 7-е и 28-е сутки после воздействия ЭШ. Величину экспрессии реакции страха оценивали по относительному времени замирания. Для оценки общей локомоторной активности использовали тест «открытое поле». Оценку стратегии стресс-зависимого поведения изучали в тесте подвешивания за хвост; оценку тревожности — в тестах «светло-темная камера» и «приподнятый крестообразный лабиринт». Оценку пространственной навигации и динамики пространственного обучения проводили в тесте «лабиринт Барнса». Поведенческие параметры оценивали при помощи программного обеспечения ANY-maze Video-Tracking Software. Статистический анализ проведен с помощью пакета ПО Prism GraphPad 10.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При моделировании ПТСР-подобного состояния с помощью ЭШ конечностей у мышей линии k18-hACE2 с экспрессией гена гуманизированного ACE2 под контролем промотора гена цитокератина выявлена более выраженная способность, по сравнению с мышами линии C57Bl/6N, к запоминанию и удержанию памяти об условном стимуле/контексте травмирующего события. После воздействия ЭШ у мышей линии k18-hACE2 тревожность в тесте «светло-темная камера» была ниже по сравнению с мышами линии C57Bl/6N. При этом наблюдали снижение двигательной активности в тесте «открытое поле» и не обнаруживали изменений в пространственной памяти в тесте «лабиринт Барнса». Применение лизиноприла, ингибитора ACЕ, у мышей линии C57Bl/6N в течение 28 дней после ЭШ не приводило к снижению травматической памяти, что свидетельствует о том, что промнестический эффект экспрессии гена hACE2 не является следствием системной гипотензии, и указывает на участие центральных механизмов в реализации эффекта гена hACE2 при формировании патологического фенотипа.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о влиянии гена hACE2 на формирование реакции на стресс у мышей, а именно, экспрессия hACE2 у мышей сопровождается усилением памяти о психофизиологической травме и снижением экстинкции памяти о травме по сравнению с мышами дикого типа, что может определяться модуляцией активности ACE2-зависимого каскада ренин-ангиотензин-альдестероновой системы в мозге. Уменьшение регулирования активности РААС при применении ингибитора ACE лизиноприла с гипотензивным действием не оказывало влияния на память у мышей дикого типа.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The development of symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is determined by a set of factors, which are not limited to classical neurotransmitter systems in the brain or stress hormones. In particular, the brain renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system may be involved in the mechanisms of PTSD.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To study the effect of hACE2 expression, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene, on anxiety and susceptibility to psycho-physiological stress in mice in the foot electroshock (FS) model of PTSD.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The experiments were conducted using 4–5-month-old male C57Bl/6N and k18-hACE2-KI mice. C57Bl/6N mice were divided into three groups: control (n = 7); the foot shock (FS) (n = 7); FS + lisinopril (n = 7). k18-hACE2-KI mice were divided into two groups: control (n = 7) and the FS (n = 8). Pavlovian fear conditioning was performed using FS as an unconditioned stimulus. Mice in the FS + lisinopril group received lisinopril at a dose of 10 mg/kg per day with drinking water for 28 days after psychophysiological trauma. The expression of fear, reflecting the memory of psychophysiological trauma, was assessed on day 7 and day 28 after FS exposure. The magnitude of the fear response was assessed by evaluation of the relative time of freezing. The open field test was used to assess general locomotor activity. The tail suspension test was used to assess the stress-coping strategy, while the light-dark box test and the elevated plus maze test were used to measure anxiety. The Barnes maze test was used to explore spatial navigation and spatial learning dynamics. Behavior was analyzed using the ANY-maze Video-Tracking Software. Statistical analysis was performed using the Prism GraphPad v.10.0 software.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. k18-hACE2-KI mice with expression of humanized ACE2 gene under the control of the cytokeratin gene promoter showed a more pronounced ability to remember and retain the memory about the conditioned stimulus/context of the traumatic event in the PTSD-model when compared to C57Bl/6N mice. Anxiety measured in the light-dark box test was lower in k18-hACE2 mice than C57Bl/6N mice after FS. At the same time, there was a decrease in the open-field motor activity and there were no changes in spatial memory in the Barnes maze test. Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor (28 days after FS), did not reduce traumatic memory in C57Bl/6N mice, indicating that the promnestic effect of hACE2 gene expression is not a result of systemic hypotension and pointing at the involvement of the central mechanisms in the realization of hACE2 gene effect in the pathological phenotype development.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The data indicate that the hACE2 gene affects the stress response in mice. Specifically, the expression of hACE2 gene in mice leads to increased memory of psychophysiological trauma and reduced extinction of traumatic memory compared to wild-type mice. This may be due to the modulation of the ACE2-dependent renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the brain. The decreased RAAS activity under the action of the ACE inhibitor lisinopril with a hypotensive effect did not affect memory in wild-type mice.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>посттравматическое стрессовое расстройство</kwd><kwd>hACE2</kwd><kwd>тревожность</kwd><kwd>память</kwd><kwd>лизиноприл</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>post-traumatic stress disorder</kwd><kwd>hACE2</kwd><kwd>anxiety</kwd><kwd>memory</kwd><kwd>lisinopril</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang CX, Kohli R, Olaker VR, Terebuh P, Xu R, Kaelber DC, et al. Risk for diagnosis or treatment of mood or anxiety disorders in adults after SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2020–2022. 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