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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8964</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2025-326</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-326</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СПОРТИВНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SPORTS MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изучение гормонального статуса и метаболизма костной ткани у несовершеннолетних спортсменок с первичной аменореей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study of hormonal status and bone metabolism in underage female athletes with primary amenorrhea</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0927-0288</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаева</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Isaeva</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исаева Елена Петровна - канд. мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena P. Isaeva - Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dora7474@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9834-727X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Окороков</surname><given-names>П. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Okorokov</surname><given-names>P. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Окороков Павел Леонидович - канд. мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel L. Okorokov - Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pokorokov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0199-3089</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Столярова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stolyarova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Столярова Светлана Анатольевна - канд. мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Stolyarova - Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stolyarovasa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9717-5872</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зябкин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zyabkin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зябкин Илья Владимирович - д-р мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya V. Zyabkin - Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.zyabkin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9177-1292</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаев</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Isaev</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исаев Максим Ростиславович</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim R. Isaev</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maxim_isaev2903@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научно-клинический центр детей и подростков Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации — Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Children and Adolescents of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency; Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научно-клинический центр детей и подростков Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Children and Adolescents of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency; Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научно-клинический центр детей и подростков Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Children and Adolescents of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>536</fpage><lpage>541</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Исаева Е.П., Окороков П.Л., Столярова С.А., Зябкин И.В., Исаев М.Р., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Исаева Е.П., Окороков П.Л., Столярова С.А., Зябкин И.В., Исаев М.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Isaeva E.P., Okorokov P.L., Stolyarova S.A., Zyabkin I.V., Isaev M.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/326">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/326</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Переломы, в особенности низкоэнергетические, чаще встречаются у спортсменок с олиго/аменореей по сравнению со сверстницами без нарушений менструального цикла, что связано с различными гормональными изменениями и нарушением процессов ремоделирования костной ткани.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценка состояния метаболизма костной ткани и гормональных показателей в сыворотке крови у высококвалифицированных спортсменок, не достигших 18-летнего возраста, с первичной аменореей и без нарушений менструального цикла.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено одномоментное одноцентровое исследование с участием 111 юных спортсменок в возрасте 15–18 лет (средний возраст 15,9 [14,9; 16,6] года), входящих в состав сборных команд РФ по 5 видам спорта и проходивших углубленное медицинское обследование в ФГБУ «ФНКЦ детей и подростков ФМБА России» в период с марта 2021 по июль 2023 г. Спортсменки были разделены на 2 группы в зависимости от наличия первичной аменореи. В группу с первичной аменореей включены 23 спортсменки (средний возраст 15,8 [15,1; 16,3] года); в группу сравнения — 88 спортсменок (средний возраст 15,9 [14,9; 16,6] года) с регулярным менструальным циклом. У спортсменок определяли уровень остеокальцина, С-концевого телопептида (β-CrossLaps), проколлагена 1-го типа (P1NP), паратиреоидного гормона (ПТГ), витамина D (25(ОН)D3) и активности щелочной фосфатазы (ЩФ) в сыворотке крови. Для оценки гормонального статуса проведена оценка уровней лютеинизирующего гормона (ЛГ), фолликулостимулирующего гормона (ФСГ), эстрадиола и лептина. Оценка полового развития проведена по классификации Tanner, оценка композиционного состава тела — методом биоимпедансного анализа. Статистическая обработка данных произведена с использованием пакета прикладных программ Statistica v. 10.0 (StatSoft Inc., США).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Для спортсменок с первичной аменореей характерны более низкие значения массы тела (р &lt; 0,0001) и содержания жировой ткани (%) в организме (р &lt; 0,0001) по сравнению со сверстницами без нарушений менструального цикла. Анализ уровней ЛГ (р = 0,328) и ФСГ (р = 0,069) не выявлял статистически значимых различий в исследуемых группах, однако у девочек с первичной аменореей отмечали более низкие уровни эстрадиола 182,0 [123,0; 227,0] и 244,0 [143,5; 518,5] (р = 0,002) и лептина 2,1 [1,2; 4,1] и 9,1 [5,1; 14,9] (р &lt; 0,0001) по сравнению со спортсменками без нарушений менструального цикла. У спортсменок с первичной аменореей выявлено повышение как маркеров костеобразования (P1NP, остеокальцин), так и костной резорбции (β-CrossLaps и ЩФ) по сравнению со сверстницами без нарушений менструального цикла.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Для несовершеннолетних спортсменок с первичной аменореей характерно дисгармоничное физическое развитие за счет дефицита массы тела, сопровождающееся снижением содержания жировой ткани в организме, снижением уровня лептина и эстрадиола и сохранной функцией гонадостата, а также повышением маркеров метаболизма костной ткани. Выявленные гормональные и метаболические особенности могут являться значимым фактором риска развития нарушений ремоделирования костной ткани у данной группы спортсменок.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Fractures, particularly low-energy ones, are more common in female athletes with oligo/amenorrhea compared to their peers without menstrual disorders. This problem is associated with various hormonal changes and impaired bone remodeling processes.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. Assessment of bone metabolism and serum hormonal parameters in highly qualified under-18 female athletes both with primary amenorrhea and without menstrual cycle disorders.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A single-center single-stage study involved 111 young female athletes aged 15–18 years (median age 15.9 [14.9; 16.6] years), who were members of Russian national teams in five sports. All the participants underwent comprehensive medical examination at the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Children and Adolescents of FMBA of Russia between March 2021 and July 2023. The athletes were divided into two groups based on the presence of primary amenorrhea. The group with primary amenorrhea included 23 athletes (median age 15.8 [15.1; 16.3] years); the comparison group consisted of 88 athletes (median age 15.9 [14.9; 16.6] years) with a regular menstrual cycle. Serum levels of osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide (β-CrossLaps), type 1 procollagen (P1NP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D (25(OH)D3), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were measured. To assess hormonal status, levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), folliclestimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, and leptin were evaluated. Sexual maturity was assessed according to the Tanner rating, and body composition was evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Statistical data processing was performed using the Statistica v. 10.0 software package (StatSoft Inc., USA).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Athletes with primary amenorrhea were characterized by lower body weight (p &lt; 0.0001) and body fat percentage (p &lt; 0.0001) compared to their peers without menstrual disorders. The analysis of LH (p = 0.328) and FSH (p = 0.069) levels did not reveal statistically significant differences between the study groups; however, the adolescent athletes with primary amenorrhea had lower levels of estradiol 182.0 [123.0; 227.0] and 244.0 [143.5; 518.5] (p = 0.002) and leptin 2.1 [1.2; 4.1] and 9.1 [5.1; 14.9] (p &lt; 0.0001) compared those without menstrual cycle disorders. The athletes with primary amenorrhea showed an increase in both bone formation markers (P1NP, osteocalcin) and bone resorption markers (β-CrossLaps and ALP) compared to their peers without menstrual disorders.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Minors with primary amenorrhea are characterized by disharmonious physical development due to underweight, accompanied by reduced body fat content, decreased levels of leptin and estradiol, preserved gonadostat function, and increased markers of bone metabolism. The identified hormonal and metabolic features may represent a significant risk for impaired bone remodeling in this group of athletes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>юные спортсменки</kwd><kwd>спортивная медицина</kwd><kwd>первичная аменорея</kwd><kwd>лептин</kwd><kwd>гормоны</kwd><kwd>маркеры костного метаболизма</kwd><kwd>витамин D</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>young athletes</kwd><kwd>sports medicine</kwd><kwd>primary amenorrhea</kwd><kwd>leptin</kwd><kwd>hormones</kwd><kwd>bone metabolism markers</kwd><kwd>vitamin D</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование выполнено в рамках прикладной научно-исследовательской работы «Развитие персонализированного подхода в ведении несовершеннолетних спортсменов спортивных сборных команд Российской Федерации» (шифр «Дети в спорте-25/27»)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the study was conducted within the framework of the applied research project “Development of a Personalized Approach in Managing Underage Athletes of Russian National Sports Teams” (code “Children in Sports-25/27”)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mountjoy M, Ackerman KE, Bailey DM, Burke LM, Constantini N, Hackney AC, et al. 2023 International Olympic Committee’s (IOC) consensus statement on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs). 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