mesЭкстремальная биомедицинаExtreme Medicine3033-89643033-8972Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.47183/mes.2024.008mes-33Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWСтруктурные и функциональные изменения в головном мозге космонавтов под влиянием микрогравитацииStructural and functional changes in the brain of cosmonauts under the influence of microgravityЛатарцевК. В.LatartsevK. V.

Константин Владимирович Латарцев

ул. Щукинская, д. 5, ст. 2, г. Москва, 123182

Konstantin V. Latartsev

Shchukinskaya, 5, st. 2, Moscow, 123182

k.latartsev@gmail.comДеминаП. Н.DeminaP. N.

ул. Щукинская, д. 5, ст. 2, г. Москва, 123182

Shchukinskaya, 5, st. 2, Moscow, 123182

ЯшинаВ. А.YashinaV. A.

ул. Щукинская, д. 5, ст. 2, г. Москва, 123182

Shchukinskaya, 5, st. 2, Moscow, 123182

КаспранскийР. Р.KaspranskiyR. R.

ул. Щукинская, д. 5, ст. 2, г. Москва, 123182

Shchukinskaya, 5, st. 2, Moscow, 123182

Федеральный научно-клинический центр космической медицины Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Московский государственный университет имени М. В. ЛомоносоваРоссияFederal Research and Clinical Center of Space Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency; Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian FederationФедеральный научно-клинический центр космической медицины Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияFederal Research and Clinical Center of Space Medicine of Federal Medical Biological AgencyRussian Federation2024221020242622026Copyright © Латарцев К.В., Демина П.Н., Яшина В.А., Каспранский Р.Р., 20242024Латарцев К.В., Демина П.Н., Яшина В.А., Каспранский Р.Р.Latartsev K.V., Demina P.N., Yashina V.A., Kaspranskiy R.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/33

Во время космического полета космонавты вынуждены приспосабливаться к новым специфическим условиям окружающей среды. Это приводит к накоплению изменений в организме, которые в конечном счете могут вызывать нежелательные последствия, способные оказывать негативное влияние на успех проводимой миссии. В обзоре рассмотрены публикации, посвященные функциональным и структурным изменениям головного мозга, происходящим во время космического полета. Основным фактором, вызывающим описываемые изменения, считается микрогравитация, приводящая к перераспределению жидкости в организме, а также обуславливающая адаптационные нейронные перестройки на микроструктурном уровне. Помимо этого, затрагиваются и другие факторы космического полета, способные оказывать влияние на головной мозг. Рассмотрены также публикации, на основе которых можно выдвигать предположения о конкретных причинах наблюдаемых морфофункциональных перестроек в головном мозге космонавтов.

During a space flight, cosmonauts have to adapt to new unique environmental conditions. As a result, they accumulate changes to their bodily systems that can eventually cause undesirable consequences potentially detrimental to the success of the mission. The review examines research papers investigating functional and structural changes occurring in the brain in the context of a spaceflight. Microgravity is believed to be the main factor behind the said changes: it causes redistribution of fluid in the body and conditions adaptive neural rearrangements at the microstructural level. Other elements peculiar to a spaceflight that can have this or that effect on the brain are also considered. In addition, this review scopes publications that allow assumptions about the specific causes of the registered morphofunctional alterations in the brain of cosmonauts.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.