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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-2757</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2765</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2025-330</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-330</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: ГЕНОМНЫЕ И ПОСТГЕНОМНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ КАК ОСНОВА РАЗВИТИЯ ПЕРСОНАЛИЗИРОВАННОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAIN TOPIC: GENOMIC AND POST-GENOMIC TECHNOLOGIES AS A BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблемы законодательного регулирования в области обращения генетических данных человека</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Issues of legislative regulation in the field of human genetic data</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8977-4384</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каштанова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashtanova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каштанова Дарья Андреевна, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria A. Kashtanova, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">DKashtanova@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6025-7663</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамчур</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamchur</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мамчур Александра Александровна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandra A. Mamchur</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AMamchur@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковчик</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovchik</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яковчик Анна Юрьевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna Y. Yakovchik</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AYakovchik@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорян</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoryan</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Григорян Арам Размикович</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aram R. Grigoryan</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AGrigoryan@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7070-5636</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванов Михаил Вячеславович</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail V. Ivanov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Mivanov@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0358-0568</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митрофанов</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitrofanov</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Митрофанов Сергей Игоревич</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey I. Mitrofanov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Mitrofanov@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свидовская</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svidovskaya</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Свидовская Ирина Николаевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina N. Svidovskaya</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Svidovskaya@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9199-6258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдин</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudin</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юдин Владимир Сергеевич, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir S. Yudin, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VYudin@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7378-983X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кескинов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Keskinov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кескинов Антон Артурович, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton A. Keskinov, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Keskinov@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7942-8004</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдин</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudin</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юдин Сергей Михайлович, д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey M. Yudin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью Федерального медико-биологического агентства<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каштанова Д.А., Мамчур А.А., Яковчик А.Ю., Григорян А.Р., Иванов М.В., Митрофанов С.И., Свидовская И.Н., Юдин В.С., Кескинов А.А., Юдин С.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каштанова Д.А., Мамчур А.А., Яковчик А.Ю., Григорян А.Р., Иванов М.В., Митрофанов С.И., Свидовская И.Н., Юдин В.С., Кескинов А.А., Юдин С.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kashtanova D.A., Mamchur A.A., Yakovchik A.Y., Grigoryan A.R., Ivanov M.V., Mitrofanov S.I., Svidovskaya I.N., Yudin V.S., Keskinov A.A., Yudin S.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/330">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/330</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Генетические данные, являющиеся объектом правовой защиты, требуют создания специализированных законодательных актов, регулирующих сбор, обработку и хранение подобного рода информации. Разработка категориально-понятийного аппарата с учетом многообразия как видов генетической данных, так и целей, для которых они могут быть использованы, является актуальной задачей.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Определение направлений развития нормативно-правовой базы, регулирующей обращение с генетическими данными человека в Российской Федерации, на основе оценки текущего состояния правового регулирования данной сферы.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Правовой охране должны подлежать все возможные виды генетической информации в соответствии с их значимостью. В используемом понятийном аппарате существуют слабые места при определении понятий «генетическая информация» и «генетические данные», которые нужно учесть в дальнейшей работе в этом направлении. В настоящее время на территории Российской Федерации отсутствует какой-либо нормативный документ, регулирующий обращение генетических данных и генетической информации, полученных от людей. Зарубежный опыт правового регулирования обращения с генетической информацией демонстрирует активную разработку и принятие специализированных нормативно-правовых актов в сфере защиты генетической информации. Активное создание биобанков и баз данных генетической информации влечет за собой создание четкого законодательного алгоритма защиты. При обезличенности данных, собранных в базы, применение режима защиты, предназначенного персональным или медицинским данным, невозможно. Таким образом, базы данных должны занимать особое положение в правовом поле. Остается открытым вопрос о регулировании создания, хранения и распространения баз генетических данных. Обнаруживается необходимость разграничить подходы к обеспечению защиты и конфиденциальности генетической информации конкретного человека в рамках оказания медицинской помощи или при личном использовании и защиты баз генетической информации обезличенных индивидов в научно-исследовательских целях.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Существующий диссонанс между прогрессом в области генетических технологий и законодательством в сфере регулирования получаемых данных предлагается решить выдвижением новых законодательных инициатив и принятием законодательных актов, учитывающих знания современной биомедицинской науки.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Genetic data, which are subject to legal protection, require the creation of specialized legislative acts regulating the collection, processing, and storage of such information. The development of a conceptual framework that could take into account the diversity of genetic data types and their application purposes represents a relevant task.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. Determining directions for the development of a regulatory framework governing the circulation of human genetic data in the Russian Federation based on an assessment of the current state of legal regulation in this field.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. All types of genetic information are subject to legal protection according to their significance. In terms of current terminology, such concepts as “genetic information” and “genetic data,” require clarification. The Russian legislation is currently lacking a regulatory document governing the circulation of genetic data and genetic information obtained from humans. Foreign experience demonstrates active adoption of specialized legal acts protecting genetic information. Active development of biobanks and databases of genetic information requires clear legislative algorithms for data protection. In cases of anonymized data stored in databases, personal or medical data protection regimes become impractical. Thus, databases should occupy a separate position in the legal landscape. Issues regarding the regulation of creation, storage, and dissemination of genetic data repositories remain unresolved. Approaches to protecting and securing individual-level genetic information (in the context of medical care or private use) and safeguarding anonymous genetic data banks (for research purposes) should be delimited.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The existing disparity between the current advances in genetic technologies and legislation governing the generated data can be resolved by introducing new legislative initiatives and enacting laws that take into account the knowledge of modern biomedical science.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генетические технологии</kwd><kwd>законодательно-правовая база</kwd><kwd>биобанк</kwd><kwd>генетические данные</kwd><kwd>база данных популяционных частот генетических вариантов</kwd><kwd>правовая защита</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genetic technologies</kwd><kwd>legislative and legal framework</kwd><kwd>biobank</kwd><kwd>genetic data</kwd><kwd>database of population frequencies of genetic variants</kwd><kwd>legal protection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clayton E, Evans B, Hazel J, Rothstein M. 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