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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-2757</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2765</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2025-331</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-331</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СПОРТИВНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SPORTS MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка зависимости мощности трахеальных дыхательных шумов от легочной вентиляции при физической нагрузке</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the relationship between tracheal breathing sounds and lung ventilation during physical exercise</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7376-1713</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Астафьева</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Astafyeva</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Астафьева Светлана Николаевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana N. Astafyeva</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a10351@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5272-222X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дьяченко</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyachenko</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дьяченко Александр Иванович, д-р техн. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander I. Dyachenko, Dr. Sci. (Tech.)</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexander-dyachenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3046-4757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ружичко</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ruzhichko</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ружичко Ирина Анатольевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Ruzhichko</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irina.ruzhichko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7485-6499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костив</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostiv</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Костив Анатолий Евгеньевич, канд. техн. наук</p><p>Владивосток</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly E. Kostiv, Cand. Sci. (Tech.)</p><p>Vladivostok</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kostiv@poi.dvo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт медико-биологических проблем РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Тихоокеанский океанологический институт им. В.И. Ильичева Дальневосточного отделения РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Астафьева С.Н., Дьяченко А.И., Ружичко И.А., Костив А.Е., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Астафьева С.Н., Дьяченко А.И., Ружичко И.А., Костив А.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Astafyeva S.N., Dyachenko A.I., Ruzhichko I.A., Kostiv A.E.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/331">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/331</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Оценка функционального состояния дыхательной системы является актуальной задачей в областях спортивной, космической и морской медицины. Использование методов прямой флоуметрии в условиях замкнутого гермообъекта не всегда возможно. Регистрация и анализ дыхательных шумов представляется перспективным способом оценки состояния респираторной системы.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Выявление возможного характера зависимости между амплитудной характеристикой регистрируемого сигнала дыхательных шумов и величиной легочной вентиляции, а также степени применимости акустического метода для оценки частоты дыхания у здоровых людей при выполнении физической нагрузки независимо от возраста и пола.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 25 добровольцев (20 мужчин и 5 женщин) в возрасте 23–59 лет (средний возраст 35,5 ± 8,7 года). Обследуемые выполняли ступенчато-возрастающую нагрузку на велоэргометре Ergoselect 200P (Ergoline GmbH, Германия) до субмаксимальных величин частоты сердечных сокращений с одновременной регистрацией дыхательных шумов над внегрудным участком трахеи, а также величины дыхательного потока методом прямой флоуметрии на приборе Jaeger Oxycon Pro. Статистическая обработка данных проводилась с помощью программного обеспечения Statistica 13 (StatSoft Inc., США). Для оценки взаимосвязи мощности дыхательных шумов и вентиляции легких проведен корреляционный анализ с использованием коэффициента ранговой корреляции Спирмена (rs).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В ходе исследования у всех испытуемых достигнутые величины максимальной мощности находились в диапазоне 105–240 Вт; мощность свыше 210 Вт смогли развить только 2 испытуемых. Получены зависимости величины мощности шумов от легочной вентиляции. Коэффициент ранговой корреляции Спирмена между изучаемыми параметрами равен 0,58 (p &lt; 0,001). Отмечены значимые изменения средней мощности дыхательных шумов при росте нагрузки и легочной вентиляции уже на ступени 30 Вт относительно состояния покоя (0 Вт) (p &lt; 0,0001). Мощность трахеальных дыхательных шумов также увеличивалась на 56% между ступенями нагрузки 120 и 135 Вт (p = 0,023) и на 75% при нагрузке 180 и 195 Вт (p = 0,043). Значимых различий между оценками частоты дыхания методом прямой флоуметрии и акустическим способом не выявлено.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Установлена статистически значимая умеренная положительная корреляционная взаимосвязь между величиной легочной вентиляции и средней мощностью дыхательных шумов (rs = 0,58; p &lt; 0,001). При значениях легочной вентиляции до 60 л/мин характер зависимости средней мощности трахеальных шумов от легочной вентиляции является линейным. Установлено удовлетворительное соответствие акустической оценки частоты дыхания данным, полученным методами прямой флоуметрии; анализ дыхательных шумов способен дать косвенную оценку состояния дыхательной системы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Assessment of the functional state of the respiratory system is a relevant task in the fields of sports, aerospace, and maritime medicine. Direct flowmetry methods cannot always be applied under conditions of a sealed enclosed environment. The recording and analysis of lung sounds appears to be a promising method for assessing the state of the respiratory system.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To assess the relationship between the amplitude characteristic of the recorded lung sound signal and the magnitude of pulmonary ventilation, as well as the applicability of the acoustic method for assessing the respiratory rate in healthy individuals during physical exercise, regardless of age and sex.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study involved 25 volunteers (20 male and 5 female) aged 23–59 years (mean age 35.5 ± 8.7 years). The participants were subjected to a stepwise increasing workload on an Ergoselect 200P cycle ergometer (Ergoline GmbH, Germany) up to submaximal heart rate levels, with simultaneous recording of respiratory sounds over the extrathoracic section of the trachea and measurement of respiratory flow via direct flowmetry using a Jaeger Oxycon Pro device. Statistical data processing was performed using the Statistica 13 software (StatSoft Inc., USA). To assess the relationship between respiratory sound power and pulmonary ventilation, a correlation analysis was conducted using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rs).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. During the study, the achieved maximum power output for all participants ranged 105–240 W; only two subjects were capable of developing a power level exceeding 210 W. Dependencies of respiratory sound power on pulmonary ventilation were obtained. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between the studied parameters was 0.58 (p &lt; 0.001). Significant changes in the mean power of respiratory sounds were observed with an increase in load and pulmonary ventilation, already at the 30 W stage compared to the resting state (0 W) (p &lt; 0.0001). The power of tracheal respiratory sounds also increased by 56% between the 120 W and 135 W load stages (p = 0.023) and by 75% between the 180 W and 195 W load stages (p = 0.043). No significant differences were found between respiratory rate assessments obtained by direct flowmetry and acoustic methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. A statistically significant, moderate positive correlation was established between the magnitude of pulmonary ventilation and the mean power of respiratory sounds (rs = 0.58; p &lt; 0.001). For pulmonary ventilation values up to 60 L/min, the relationship between the mean power of tracheal sounds and pulmonary ventilation was found to be linear. A satisfactory agreement was determined between the acoustic assessment of respiratory rate and the data obtained by direct flowmetry methods. The analysis of respiratory sounds is capable of providing an indirect assessment of the state of the respiratory system.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>физическая нагрузка</kwd><kwd>дыхательные шумы</kwd><kwd>велоэргометрия</kwd><kwd>легочная вентиляция</kwd><kwd>дыхательная система</kwd><kwd>респираторная акустика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>physical activity</kwd><kwd>lung sounds</kwd><kwd>cycle ergometry</kwd><kwd>pulmonary ventilation</kwd><kwd>respiratory system</kwd><kwd>respiratory acoustics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>работа выполнена в рамках базовой темы РАН FMFR-2024-0038.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>the work was performed within the framework of the RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences) basic research theme FMFR-2024-0038.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коренбаум ВИ, Почекутова ИА. 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