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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8964</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2025-344</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-344</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ТЕРАПИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INNOVATIVE THERAPIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Безопасность и эффективность терапии первичной гипероксалурии 1-го типа с использованием малых интерферирующих РНК-агентов (лумасиран): систематический обзор</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety and efficacy of small interfering RNA agents (lumasiran) in therapy for primary hyperoxaluria type 1: A systematic review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-1817</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наджафи</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Najafi</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сара Наджафи</p><p>Мешхед</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sara Najafi </p><p>Mashhad</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sara.najjafi@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0846-4320</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абасабади</surname><given-names>Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abasabadi</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фатима Абасабади</p><p>Тегеран</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fatemeh Abasabadi </p><p>Tehran</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Fatemeh.abasabadi@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7225-5704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сагафи</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saghafi</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мохаммад Садра Сагафи</p><p>Кум</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mohammad Sadra Saghafi </p><p>Qom </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Saghafisadra@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7312-9233</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косрави</surname><given-names>Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khosravi</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фарбод Хосрави</p><p>Тегеран</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Farbod Khosravi </p><p>Tehran</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Farbodkhosravii@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0024-1934</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахманян</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rahmanian</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мохаммад Рахманян</p><p>Тегеран</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mohammad Rahmanian</p><p>Tehran</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mmdrahmanian@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Мешхедский медицинский университет</institution><country>Иран</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mashhad University of Medical Sciences</institution><country>Islamic Republic of Iran</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тегеранский университет</institution><country>Иран</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Tehran</institution><country>Islamic Republic of Iran</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кумский университет</institution><country>Иран</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Qom University of Medical Sciences</institution><country>Islamic Republic of Iran</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Mедицинский университет им. Шахида Бехешти</institution><country>Иран</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences</institution><country>Islamic Republic of Iran</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>525</fpage><lpage>535</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Наджафи С., Абасабади Ф., Сагафи М.С., Косрави Ф., Рахманян М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Наджафи С., Абасабади Ф., Сагафи М.С., Косрави Ф., Рахманян М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Najafi S., Abasabadi F., Saghafi M.S., Khosravi F., Rahmanian M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/344">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/344</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Первичная гипероксалурия 1-го типа (ПГ1) — наследственное заболевание, вызывающее избыточную выработку оксалатов в печени, что приводит к гипероксалурии, образованию камней в почках, нефрокальцинозу и прогрессирующему повреждению почек. В основе ПГ1 лежат мутации гена AGXT, в то время как 2-й и 3-й типы гипероксалурии вызваны мутациями GRHPR и HOGA1 соответственно. Лумасиран, препарат на основе РНК-интерференции (RNAi), воздействует на ген HAO1 (оксидаза гидроксикислот 1) и снижает уровень гликолатоксидазы, что приводит к снижению выработки оксалатов печенью.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценка эффективности, безопасности и особенностей клинического применения лумасирана у взрослых и детей с генетически подтвержденной первичной гипероксалурией 1-го типа.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Систематический обзор проведен согласно критериям PRISMA 2020; выполнен поиск в четырех базах данных (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science и EMBASE). Отобраны исследования о применении лумасирана у детей или взрослых пациентов с генетически подтвержденной первичной гипероксалурией 1-го типа. Качество и риск системной ошибки оценивали с помощью инструментов критического анализа JBI (Института Джоанны Бриггс). В работу включено 11 исследований (2 рандомизированных контролируемых исследования, 2 проспективных несравнительных исследования с одной группой, 1 серия случаев (с участием 5 пациентов) и 6 индивидуальных отчетов о клинических случаях с участием детей и взрослых).</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Установлено, что применение лумасирана способствовало снижению уровней оксалатов в моче (UOx) (примерно на 60–75%) и оксалатов плазмы крови (POx) (примерно на 30–60%). У пациентов разного возраста, от младенцев до взрослых, значительно стабилизировалась или улучшалась функция почек и снижалось прогрессирование нефрокальциноза. Лумасиран продемонстрировал благоприятный профиль безопасности, при этом наиболее частыми побочными эффектами были слабые реакции в месте инъекции и серьезных проблем, требующих прекращения лечения, не возникало.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Подавляя экспрессию гликолатоксидазы, лумасиран неизменно демонстрировал выраженную эффективность в снижении уровня оксалатов, однако есть различия в терапевтических подходах применения препарата у взрослых пациентов и младенцев, а также различные эффекты от воздействия в зависимости от исходной ренальной функции и режимов дозирования. Как у детей, так и у взрослых наблюдали значительное улучшение и нормализацию почечной функции, но младенцам и пациентам с прогрессирующей хронической болезнью почек требовалась корректировка дозы; в исследованиях также продемонстрирована большая вариабельность в значениях ренальных показателей и особенно в отношении прогрессирования нефрокальциноза. Хотя необходимы дополнительные крупномасштабные долгосрочные исследования, наши результаты показывают, что лумасиран может замедлять прогрессирование заболевания почек и потенциально снижать или отсрочить необходимость в трансплантации почек при ПГ1.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is an inherited disorder characterized by excessive oxalate production in the liver, leading to hyperoxaluria, kidney stone formation, nephrocalcinosis, and progressive kidney damage. PH1 is caused by mutations in the AGXT gene, whereas types 2 and 3 are associated with mutations in GRHPR and HOGA1, respectively. Lumasiran, an RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapeutic agent, targets the HAO1 gene (hydroxyacid oxidase 1), thus reducing the levels of glycolate oxidase. This action results in decreased hepatic oxalate production.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. Evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and clinical use of lumasiran in adults and children with genetically confirmed primary hyperoxaluria type 1.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed across four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE). Studies were selected based on their focus on the use of lumasiran in pediatric or adult patients with genetically confirmed primary hyperoxaluria type 1. The quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. The final analysis included 11 studies: two randomized controlled trials, two prospective single-arm studies, one case series (involving five patients), and six individual clinical case reports involving both pediatric and adult populations.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. Lumasiran treatment was found to lead to a significant reduction in urinary oxalate (UOx) levels (approximately 60–75%) and plasma oxalate (POx) levels (approximately 30–60%). Patients across all age groups, from infants to adults, exhibited markedly stabilized or improved renal function, alongside reduced progression of nephrocalcinosis. Lumasiran demonstrated a favorable safety profile, with the most common adverse events being mild injection-site reactions. No serious treatment-related adverse events requiring discontinuation of therapy were reported.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. By suppressing glycolate oxidase expression, lumasiran has consistently demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing oxalate levels. However, there exist differences in therapeutic approaches for adult patients and infants, as well as in treatment effects based on baseline renal function and dosing regimens. Both pediatric and adult populations showed substantial improvement and stabilization of renal function, although infants and patients with advanced chronic kidney disease required dose adjustments. Studies also revealed a greater variability in renal outcomes, particularly regarding the progression of nephrocalcinosis. Although additional large-scale long-term studies are needed, our findings indicate that lumasiran may impede the progression of kidney disease and potentially reduce or delay the need for kidney transplantation in PH1.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>первичная гипероксалурия 1-го типа</kwd><kwd>лумасиран</kwd><kwd>малая интерферирующая РНК</kwd><kwd>пациенты детского возраста</kwd><kwd>взрослые пациенты</kwd><kwd>оксалат</kwd><kwd>повреждение почек</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>primary hyperoxaluria type 1</kwd><kwd>lumasiran</kwd><kwd>small interfering RNA</kwd><kwd>pediatric patients</kwd><kwd>adult patients</kwd><kwd>oxalate</kwd><kwd>kidney injury</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование выполнено без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the study was carried out without sponsorship</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang Y, Zhu W, Zhou J, Huang Q, Zeng G. 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