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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8964</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2025-345</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-345</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СПОРТИВНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SPORTS MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Значение удлинения интервала QT в детско-юношеском спорте (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Significance of QT interval prolongation in youth and adolescent sports (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0111-3643</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макаров Леонид Михайлович, д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonid М. Makarov, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.leonidmakarov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3691-7449</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комолятова</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komoliatova</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комолятова Вера Николаевна, д-р мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera N. Komoliatova, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">verakom@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4867-0594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акопян</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akopyan</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акопян Ануш Григорьевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anush G. Akopyan</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anushik.a.g@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3699-2289</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беспорточный</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Besportochnyi</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беспорточный Дмитрий Алексеевич</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitryi А. Besportochnyi</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.blad@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0314-5235</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитриева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitrieva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитриева Алена Владимировна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alena V. Dmitrieva</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gerasimchuk_alena@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3285-3211</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселева</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiseleva</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Киселева Ирина Ивановна, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina I. Kiseleva, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vkis2@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9717-5872</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зябкин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zyabkin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зябкин Илья Владимирович, д-р мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya V. Zyabkin, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adm@kidsfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научно-клинический центр детей и подростков Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Children and Adolescents of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>87</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Макаров Л.М., Комолятова В.Н., Акопян А.Г., Беспорточный Д.А., Дмитриева А.В., Киселева И.И., Зябкин И.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макаров Л.М., Комолятова В.Н., Акопян А.Г., Беспорточный Д.А., Дмитриева А.В., Киселева И.И., Зябкин И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makarov L.M., Komoliatova V.N., Akopyan A.G., Besportochnyi D.A., Dmitrieva A.V., Kiseleva I.I., Zyabkin I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/345">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/345</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. До 42% юных спортсменов, умерших внезапно, не имели каких-либо признаков известных болезней сердца при аутопсии (кардиомиопатий, миокардитов или пороков сердца), а молекулярно-генетический анализ, проведенный у молодых внезапно погибших лиц, выявляет в 17–23% случаев мутации в генах, отвечающих за синдром удлиненного интервала QT (СУИQT). При проведении углубленных медицинских обследований (УМО) у юных спортсменов сборных РФ в системе ФМБА России до 24% атлетов отводятся от спорта из-за выявленного удлинения интервала QT для уточнения диагноза и в 0,24% случаев диагноз СУИQT подтверждается.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Анализ методов диагностики удлинения интервала QT у юных спортсменов и критериев их допуска к спортивным тренировкам.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. В основе развития СУИQT лежит генетически детерминированное поражение функции ионных каналов кардиомиоцитов, вызывающее электрическую нестабильность миокарда, которая предрасполагает к возникновению сердечных событий: желудочковой тахикардии типа «пируэт» (Torsade de Pointes — TdP), синкопе, остановке сердца и внезапной сердечной смерти (ВСС). Для диагностики СУИQT используются критерии Шварца, в которые входят данные стандартной ЭКГ (QТс более 450 мс), холтеровского мониторирования (ХМ), стресс-тестов, клинической картины, семейного анамнеза. Выявление более 3 баллов по этим критериям делает диагноз СУИQT высоковероятным. Согласно международным критериям по оценке интервала QT у взрослых спортсменов, нормой продолжительности интервала QTс предлагают считать у мужчин значения QТс до 470 мс, а у женщин — до 480 мс. Некоторые авторы предлагают считать допустимыми значения QТс у спортсменов до 500 мс, но по критериям Шварца этого достаточно для подтверждения диагноза СУИQT. Брадикардия, типичная для тренированных спортсменов, также является одним из критериев СУИQT при оценке ЭКГ у детей. Методы оценки QT при брадикардии у юных спортсменов не уточнены. Интенсивные тренировки могут увеличивать продолжительность интервала QT, а временный детренинг, наоборот, уменьшать. В критерии Шварца по результатам ХМ включены только альтернация зубца Т и тахикардии TdP. Оценка интервала QT при ХМ является предметом дискуссий. На сегодняшний день известно не менее 17 патогенных генов, отвечающих за формирование СУИQT. Выявление патогенных мутаций IV–V класса достаточно для постановки диагноза СУИQT, независимо от продолжительности QT. Вопросы допуска/возвращения в спорт спортсменов с СУИQT остаются дискуссионными и решаются в разных странах неодинаково. Известны как спортсмены с СУИQT, добившиеся значительных успехов в спорте, так и регулярные случаи ВСС у молодых людей с этим заболеванием. Существующие на сегодняшний день отечественные и международные рекомендации говорят о противопоказании для занятий соревновательным спортом больным с доказанным СУИQT.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. В оценке интервала QT у юных спортсменов существует много методических и клинических особенностей, в отличие от лиц, не занимающихся спортом. Их недооценка может привести к гипер- или гиподиагностике СУИQT и создать угрозу для жизни спортсмена. Индивидуальные риски у разных категорий больных СУИQT слагаются из многих компонентов. Отвод от спорта не устраняет риск развития сердечных событий при СУИQТ, но насколько сам спорт увеличивает риски, сегодня неизвестно. Это определяет актуальность активного изучения и уточнения данных неопределенных вопросов у юных спортсменов с удлиненным интервалом QT и СУИQT.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Up to 42% of young athletes who die suddenly show no signs of known cardiac diseases at autopsy (such as cardiomyopathies, myocarditis, or congenital heart defects). However, molecular genetic analysis in young sudden death victims identifies mutations in genes responsible for Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) in 17–23% of cases. During comprehensive medical examinations (CME) of young athletes in Russian national teams within the FMBA of Russia system, up to 24% of athletes are disqualified from sports due to detected QT interval prolongation for further diagnosis, with the diagnosis of LQTS being confirmed in 0.24% of cases.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. Analysis of diagnostic methods for LQTS in young athletes and criteria for their clearance for sports training.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. The pathogenesis of LQTS is based on genetically determined impairment of cardiac ion channel function, which causes myocardial electrical instability predisposing to cardiac events. Such events include Torsades de Pointes (TdP) ventricular tachycardia, syncope, cardiac arrest, and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Diagnosis of LQTS is based on the Schwartz criteria, which incorporate data from standard ECG (QTc &gt; 450 ms), Holter monitoring (HM), stress tests, clinical presentation, and family history. A score of more than three points based on these criteria makes the diagnosis of LQTS highly probable. According to international criteria for QT interval assessment in adult athletes, the proposed upper limits of normal QTc duration are up to 470 ms for males and up to 480 ms for females. Some authors suggest that QTc values up to 500 ms may be acceptable in athletes; however, according to the Schwartz criteria, this value is sufficient to confirm the diagnosis of LQTS. Bradycardia, typical of trained athletes, is another LQTS criterion in pediatric ECG assessment. Methods for QT assessment during bradycardia in young athletes are not specified. Intense training may increase QT interval duration; conversely, temporary detraining may lead to its decrease. The Schwartz criteria based on HM results include only T-wave alternans and TdP tachycardia. QT interval assessment during HM remains a subject of debate. To date, at least 17 pathogenic genes responsible for LQTS have been identified. Detection of Class IV–V pathogenic mutations is sufficient for diagnosing LQTS, regardless of QT duration. The issues of clearance/return to sport-specific training for athletes with LQTS remain controversial, being addressed differently across countries. There are known cases of athletes with LQTS who have achieved significant success in sport competitions, as well as regular occurrences of SCD in young individuals with this condition. Current Russian and international guidelines state that competitive sports are contraindicated for patients with confirmed LQTS.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The assessment of the QT interval in young athletes involves numerous methodological and clinical peculiarities distinct from those in non-athletic individuals. Underestimating these peculiarities can lead to over- or under-diagnosis of LQTS, thereby potentially creating a life-threatening situation for the athlete. Individual risks in different categories of LQTS patients are composed of multiple components. Disqualification from sports does not eliminate the risk of cardiac events in LQTS; at the same time, the extent to which sports activity itself increases these risks remains unknown today. This underscores the relevance of actively studying and clarifying these unresolved issues in young athletes with QT interval prolongation and LQTS.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>детско-юношеский спорт</kwd><kwd>интервал QT</kwd><kwd>синдром удлиненного интервала QT</kwd><kwd>внезапная сердечная смерть</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>youth and adolescent sports</kwd><kwd>QT interval</kwd><kwd>long QT syndrome</kwd><kwd>sudden cardiac death</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ragazzoni GL, Cavigli L, Cavarretta E, Maffei S, Mandoli GE, Pastore MC, et al. How to evaluate resting ECG and imaging in children practising sport: a critical review and proposal of an algorithm for ECG interpretation. 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