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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2713-2757</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2765</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2025-347</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-347</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Медовый гидрогель — перспективное антибактериальное покрытие нового поколения?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Honey-based hydrogel: A promising new-generation antimicrobial coating?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1811-2453</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпина</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpina</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карпина Екатерина Николаевна</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina N. Karpina</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karpinaekaterina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6056-1983</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федотова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedotova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федотова Елена Викторовна, канд. хим. наук</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p>Ленинградская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Fedotova, Cand. Sci. (Chem.)</p><p>St. Petersburg;</p><p>Kuzmolovsky, Leningrad region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arabka2008@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4196-1882</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зарипова</surname><given-names>Ф. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaripova</surname><given-names>F. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зарипова Фалия Фуатовна, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faliya F. Zaripova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">faliabio@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6077-2534</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Криворотов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivorotov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Криворотов Денис Викторович, канд. хим. наук</p><p>Ленинградская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis V. Krivorotov, Cand. Sci. (Chem.)</p><p>Kuzmolovsky, Leningrad region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denhome@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0776-7434</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радилов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Radilov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Радилов Андрей Станиславович, д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Ленинградская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey S. Radilov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>Kuzmolovsky, Leningrad region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.radilov@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">ITMO University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО; Научно-исследовательский институт гигиены, профпатологии и экологии человека Федерального медико-биологического агентства<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">ITMO University; Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт гигиены, профпатологии и экологии человека Федерального медико-биологического агентства<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>146</fpage><lpage>156</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Карпина Е.Н., Федотова Е.В., Зарипова Ф.Ф., Криворотов Д.В., Радилов А.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карпина Е.Н., Федотова Е.В., Зарипова Ф.Ф., Криворотов Д.В., Радилов А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karpina E.N., Fedotova E.V., Zaripova F.F., Krivorotov D.V., Radilov A.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/347">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/347</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Разработка гидрогелевых покрытий — это перспективное направление для исследований в области терапии ожоговых повреждений. Гидрогели на основе меда обладают уникальными физико-химическими характеристиками: они прозрачны, хорошо впитывают экссудат и имеют низкие значения pH. Все это делает их идеальными кандидатами для применения не только в косметологии, но и в медицине для трансдермальной доставки различных лекарственных веществ.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Получение гидрогелей на основе полимеров и меда, сравнительный анализ их физико-химических характеристик и определение антибактериальной активности.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Использовали полученные гидрогели из хитозана и карбопола, содержащие в своем составе липовый мед в весовых концентрациях 25, 50 и 75%. Исследовали показатели: вязкость (на ротационном вискозиметре Brookfield); растекаемости (методом прессования); степень набухания образцов; стабильность (методом центрифугирования); высвобождение меда из образцов (в тесте высвобождения с помощью ERWEKA DT-820); анализ количественного содержания меда в буфере (методом спектрофотометрии). Исследование антибактериальных свойств in vitro проводили с использованием: Candida albicans ATCC 64550 — дрожжеподобный гриб; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25913 — грамположительная бактерия; Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 — грамотрицательная бактерия; Acinetobacter baumannii 897 — грамотрицательная бактерия; Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047 — грамотрицательная бактерия; Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 19606 — грамотрицательная бактерия. Статистическая обработка данных выполнена с помощью программного обеспечения DeltaX 3.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Наилучший образец по показателю вязкости — гидрогель на основе 1% карбопола 940 с концентрацией меда 25%. Наименьшей растекаемостью обладали образцы на основе 1% карбопола ETD 2020 с концентрацией меда 50%. Наилучшая сорбционная емкость через 1 ч после начала испытания и через 3 ч продемонстрирована у образца на основе 3,5% низковязкого хитозана с концентрацией меда 25%. Наилучший результат высвобождения меда показал образец на основе 10% низковязкого хитозана с концентрацией меда 50%.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Наиболее перспективными для дальнейшего изучения образцами по результатам исследования физико-химических и антибактериальных свойств признаны гидрогели на основе хитозана. В результате сравнительного анализа было выявлено, что образцы гидрогелей с концентрацией меда 75% не проходят испытание на стабильность, что делает невозможным их применение в качестве терапевтической системы доставки. На основании исследования физико-химических показателей исследованных гидрогелей, а также их антибактериальных свойств можно рекомендовать провести испытания смешанного гидрогеля на основе карбопола 940 и 3,5% низковязкого хитозана.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The development of hydrogel coatings is a promising research direction in burn injury therapy. Honey-based hydrogels possess unique physicochemical characteristics due to being transparent, capable of effectively absorbing exudate, and exhibiting low pH values. All these properties make them ideal candidates for application not only in cosmetology but also in medicine for the transdermal delivery of various medicinal substances.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. Synthesis of honey-based hydrogels and comparative analysis of their physicochemical characteristics and antibacterial activity.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Hydrogels were synthesized based on chitosan and сarbopol with addition of 25, 50, and 75 wt % of white honey. The following parameters were investigated: viscosity (using a Brookfield rotational viscometer); spreadability (by a compression method); degree of sample swelling; stability (by centrifugation); honey release from the sample (using an ERWEKA DT-820 tester); analysis of the quantitative honey content in the buffer (by spectrophotometry). The study of in vitro antibacterial properties was conducted using Candida  albicans ATCC 64550 (a yeast-like fungus), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25913 (a gram-positive bacterium), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (a gram-negative bacterium), Acinetobacter baumannii 897 (a gram-negative bacterium), Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047 (a gram-negative bacterium), Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 19606 (a gram-negative bacterium). Statistical data processing was performed using the DeltaX 3.0 software.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In terms of viscosity, the hydrogel based on 1% Carbopol 940 with a honey concentration of 25 wt % outperformed other gels. The samples based on 1% Carbopol ETD 2020 with a honey concentration of 50 wt % exhibited the lowest spreadability. The highest sorption capacity 1 h and 3 h after the onset of testing was demonstrated by the sample based on 3.5% low-viscosity chitosan with a honey concentration of 25 wt %. The highest honey release was shown by the sample based on 10% low-viscosity chitosan with a honey concentration of 50 wt %.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The conducted study of physicochemical and antibacterial properties render chitosan-based hydrogels promising for further investigation. Hydrogel samples with a 75% honey concentration failed the stability test, which make them unsuitable for use as a therapeutic delivery system. Based on the results obtained, a mixed hydrogel based on Carbopol 940 and 3.5% low-viscosity chitosan is recommended for further research.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>регенеративная медицина</kwd><kwd>ожоги</kwd><kwd>мед</kwd><kwd>гидрогель</kwd><kwd>раневое покрытие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>regenerative medicine</kwd><kwd>burns</kwd><kwd>honey</kwd><kwd>hydrogel</kwd><kwd>wound dressing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bibire T, Panainte AD, Yilmaz CN, Timofte DV, Danila R, Bibire N, et al. Dexketoprofen-Loaded Alginate-Grafted Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)-Based Hydrogel for Wound Healing. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025;26(7):3051. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073051</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bibire T, Panainte AD, Yilmaz CN, Timofte DV, Danila R, Bibire N, et al. 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