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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8964</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2025-354</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-354</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TOXICOLOGY &amp; CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспериментальное обоснование подходов к применению панкурония бромида для коррекции миастенического синдрома при отравлениях антихолинэстеразными ядами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental validation of approaches to pancuronium bromide use for correction of myasthenic syndrome in anticholinesterase poisoning</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6974-5583</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюнин</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyunin</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тюнин Михаил Александрович, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ikhail A. Tyunin, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gniiivm_7@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7406-753X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильинский</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilinskii</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ильинский Никита Сергеевич, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita S. Ilinskii, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gniiivm_7@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5324-512X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чепур</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chepur</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чепур Сергей Викторович, д-р мед. наук, профессор, член-кор. РАН</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Chepur, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corr. Member of RAS</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gniiivm_7@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2609-362X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мацейчик</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matseychik</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мацейчик Владимир Анатольевич</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Matseychik</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gniiivm_7@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5989-6985</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ижорская</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Izhorskaya</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ижорская Елизавета Юрьевна</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta Yu. Izhorskaya</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gniiivm_7@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственный научно-исследовательский испытательный институт военной медицины Министерства обороны Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Research and Testing Institute of Military Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>287</fpage><lpage>296</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тюнин М.А., Ильинский Н.С., Чепур С.В., Мацейчик В.А., Ижорская Е.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тюнин М.А., Ильинский Н.С., Чепур С.В., Мацейчик В.А., Ижорская Е.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tyunin M.A., Ilinskii N.S., Chepur S.V., Matseychik V.A., Izhorskaya E.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/354">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/354</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. До настоящего времени малоизученной остается проблема промежуточного синдрома при отравлениях антихолинэстеразными веществами, который клинически представляет собой развивающийся после холинэргического криза миастенический синдром, затрагивающий мышцы лица, шеи, проксимальных отделов конечностей и дыхательные мышцы. В литературе описаны немногочисленные попытки применения недеполяризующих миорелаксантов с целью профилактики и лечения промежуточного синдрома. Вместе с тем, учитывая многообразие механизмов токсической миастении при отравлениях антихолинэстеразными ядами и низкую безопасность недеполяризующих миорелаксантов, представляются актуальными исследования по определению эффективных и токсических доз рассматриваемых лекарственных средств в целях обоснования принципов их применения для коррекции нарушений нервно-мышечной передачи.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Экспериментально оценить эффективность недеполяризующего миорелаксанта панкурония бромида в отношении коррекции нарушений нервно-мышечной передачи при отравлениях антихолинэстеразными ядами.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Экспериментальные исследования проведены на самцах белых беспородных крыс массой 220–250 г (n = 78) в два этапа. Первоначально недеполяризующий миорелаксант панкурония бромид вводили подкожно интактным животным для определения его эффективных доз по развитию миорелаксации. Выраженность и длительность миорелаксантного эффекта оценивали при помощи клинико-функциональных тестов (подтягивание на горизонтальной перекладине, нарушения движений по шкале J. De Bleecker) и электромиографии (одиночная и ритмическая стимуляция с частотой 30 Гц). Затем определяли терапевтические дозы препарата на модели отравления крыс фентионом (через 12 ч после однократного подкожного введения в дозе ЛД50 = 479,4 мг/кг) по данным указанных методов исследований и оценки изменения частоты гибели животных. Статистический анализ результатов проводили методами непараметрической статистики при помощи программного обеспечения Prism GraphPad 9.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. На основании данных оценки неврологического статуса и результатов электромиографии было установлено, что значение средней эффективной дозы панкурония при подкожном введении у интактных крыс составило 238,0 [95% ДИ: 219,8; 257,7] мкг/кг, в то время как на фоне тяжелого отравления фентионом значение его терапевтической дозы статистически значимо ниже (p &lt; 0,05, t-критерий Стьюдента) и равно 90,1 [95% ДИ: 77,3; 105,1] мкг/кг. Аналогичные закономерности прослежены и для средних смертельных доз панкурония бромида: 321,1 [95% ДИ: 305,8; 337,1] и 152,3 [130,6; 177,6] мкг/кг соответственно. Введение панкурония в средней терапевтической дозе снижало выраженность миастенического синдрома, вызванного отравлением фентионом, в виде восстановления мышечной силы и нормализации электрофизиологических характеристик нервно-мышечной передачи.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Экспериментально показано, что с целью коррекции расстройств нервно-мышечной передачи, лежащих в основе промежуточного синдрома при отравлениях антихолинэстеразными ядами, может быть использован панкурония бромид в сниженной в 2,6 раза (90,1 мкг/кг) относительно эффективной для здоровых животных (238,0 мкг/кг) дозе. К основным электрофизиологическим критериям регресса нервно-мышечного блока следует относить сокращение числа повторных М-ответов и восстановление декремент-инкремента серии М-ответов, сохраняющиеся в течение 1 ч после введения панкурония бромида.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The problem of intermediate syndrome following anticholinesterase poisoning remains poorly studied. This syndrome is clinically manifested as a myasthenic condition developing after the cholinergic crisis, affecting the muscles of the face, neck, proximal limbs, and respiratory muscles. The current literature describes limited attempts to use non-depolarizing muscle relaxants for the prevention and treatment of this condition. However, given the diversity of mechanisms underlying toxic myasthenia in anticholinesterase poisoning and the low safety profile of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants, research into the effective and toxic doses of these drugs is highly relevant for establishing the principles of their use in correcting neuromuscular transmission disorders.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To experimentally evaluate the efficacy of pancuronium bromide, a non-depolarizing muscle relaxant, in correcting neuromuscular transmission impairments in cases of anticholinesterase poisoning.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Experimental, two-stage studies were conducted using male outbred white rats weighing 220–250 g (n = 78). Initially, pancuronium bromide was administered subcutaneously to intact animals to determine effective doses. The severity and duration of the muscle relaxant effect were assessed using clinical and functional tests (hanging on a horizontal bar, assessment of movement impairments according to the De Bleecker scale), and electromyography (single and rhythmic stimulation at 30 Hz). Subsequently, therapeutic doses of the drug were determined in a rat model of fenthion poisoning (12 h after its single subcutaneous administration at an LD50 dose of 479.4 mg/kg) based on data from the aforementioned methods and evaluation of changes in animal mortality rates. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using non-parametric statistical methods in the Prism GraphPad 9.0 software environment.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Based on the assessment of neurological status and electromyography results, the median effective dose (ED50) of pancuronium upon subcutaneous administration in intact rats was found to be 238.0 [95% CI: 219.8; 257.7] μg/kg. In contrast, against the background of severe fenthion poisoning, its therapeutic dose was statistically significantly lower (p &lt; 0.05, Student’s t-test), amounting to 90.1 [95% CI: 77.3; 105.1] μg/kg. Similar trends were observed for the median lethal doses (LD50) of pancuronium bromide: 321.1 [95% CI: 305.8; 337.1] μg/kg and 152.3 [130.6; 177.6] μg/kg, respectively. Administration of pancuronium at the median therapeutic dose reduced the severity of the myasthenic syndrome induced by fenthion poisoning, manifesting as restored muscle strength and normalized electrophysiological characteristics of neuromuscular transmission.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The experiment demonstrated that pancuronium bromide can be used to correct neuromuscular transmission disorders underlying the intermediate syndrome emerging as a result of anticholinesterase poisoning. The effective dose for this correction is 90.1 μg/kg, which is 2.6-fold lower than the effective dose for healthy animals (238.0 μg/kg). The main electrophysiological criteria for the regression of the neuromuscular block should include a reduction in the number of repeated M-responses and the restoration of the decrement-increment pattern of the M-response series, which persist for 1 h after pancuronium bromide administration.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>панкурония бромид</kwd><kwd>фосфорорганическое соединение</kwd><kwd>промежуточный синдром</kwd><kwd>электронейромиография</kwd><kwd>клинико-функциональные тесты</kwd><kwd>токсическая миастения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pancuronium bromide</kwd><kwd>organophosphorus compound</kwd><kwd>intermediate syndrome</kwd><kwd>electroneuromyography</kwd><kwd>clinical-functional tests</kwd><kwd>toxic myasthenia</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование выполнено без спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the study was carried out without sponsorship.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юдин МА, Чепур СВ, Федонюк ВП, Субботина СН, Колесников АМ, Сазонова АВ и др. 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