mesЭкстремальная биомедицинаExtreme Medicine3033-89643033-8972Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.47183/mes.2025-355mes-355Research ArticleГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ВОПРОСЫ РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИMAIN TOPIC: MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ISSUES IN RADIATION SAFETYОсобенности динамики общей смертности населения Озерского городского округа в период пандемии COVID-19Features of the overall mortality dynamics in the population of Ozersk urban district during the COVID-19 pandemichttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0732-0379ОсиповМ. В.OsipovM. V.

Осипов Михаил Викторович, канд. мед. наук

Озерск

Mikhail V. Osipov, Cand. Sci. (Med.)

Ozersk

osipov@subi.suЮжно-Уральский федеральный научно-клинический центр медицинской биофизики Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияSouthern Urals Federal Research and Clinical Center for Medical BiophysicsRussian Federation202630122025282197204Copyright © Осипов М.В., 20262026Осипов М.В.Osipov M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/355Введение

Введение. Пандемическое распространение заболеваемости COVID-19, наблюдавшееся в период с 2020 по 2021 год, оказало влияние на общую смертность среди населения. Особый интерес для исследователей приобретает изучение динамики показателя общей смертности среди работников атомной отрасли, подвергающихся профессиональному радиационному воздействию, и населения, проживающего вблизи объектов атомной промышленности.

Цель

Цель. Анализ динамики общей смертности населения города атомной промышленности Озерск в период пандемии COVID-19 в зависимости от совокупного влияния факторов риска радиационной и нерадиационной природы.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проведено ретроспективное когортное исследование жителей Озерского городского округа (ОГО), умерших от различных причин в период 2020–2023 гг. Анализировали ежегодные отчеты Росстата и муниципального отдела статистики. Данные о заболеваемости от COVID-19 предоставлены Центром гигиены и эпидемиологии № 71 г. Озерска. Оценка функции дожития в зависимости от наличия заболевания COVID-19, а также влияния возраста и дозы внешнего профессионального облучения работников ПО «Маяк» выполнена с использованием метода Каплана – Майера. Анализ влияния заболеваемости COVID-19 с учетом дозы профессионального облучения на интенсивность смертности от всех причин среди различных возрастных групп выполнен методом пропорциональных рисков Кокса.

Результаты

Результаты. На основании анализа динамики показателей общей смертности за 2013–2023 годы определен период, связанный с пиком пандемической активности. Выявлено влияние заболевания COVID-19 (р < 0,05) в зависимости от достигнутого возраста и дозы профессионального облучения на смертность от всех причин в течение пандемического периода. Влияние заболеваемости COVID-19 на общую смертность модифицировалось воздействием нескольких факторов риска, из которых значимое влияние оказывали достигнутый возраст (p < 0,001) и накопленная доза внешнего облучения (p = 0,03).

Выводы

Выводы. Заболеваемость COVID-19 в пандемический период оказывала как прямое, так и опосредованное влияние на общую смертность среди населения Озерска. Наряду с прямым влиянием заболевания COVID-19, возраста и дозы внешнего облучения работников ПО «Маяк» большое значение при оценке динамики общей смертности в период пандемии имеет сочетание этих факторов. Полученные результаты представляют интерес для прогнозирования последствий, связанных с возникновением возможных пандемических ситуаций, и выработки эффективных стратегий по охране здоровья населения городов атомной промышленности.

Introduction

Introduction. The pandemic spread of COVID-19, observed in 2020–2021, had an impact on overall mortality among the population. Of particular interest to researchers is the study of trends in overall mortality rates among nuclear industry workers exposed to occupational radiation, as well as among the population living near nuclear facilities.

Objective

Objective. Analysis of the overall mortality dynamics among the population of Ozersk — a nuclear industry city — during the COVID-19 pandemic, depending on the combined effect of radiation and non-radiation risk factors.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among residents of the Ozersk Urban District (OUD) who died from various causes during the period 2020–2023. Annual reports from Rosstat and the municipal statistics department were analyzed. Data on COVID-19 incidence were provided by the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology No. 71 in Ozersk. The assessment of survival function depending on the presence of COVID-19, as well as the influence of age and occupational external radiation dose among PA «Mayak» workers, was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method. The analysis of the impact of COVID-19 incidence, adjusted for occupational radiation dose, on the all-cause mortality rate across different age groups was carried out using the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

Results. Based on the analysis of overall mortality trends for the period 2013–2023, a period associated with the peak of pandemic activity was identified. The impact of COVID-19 on all-cause mortality during the pandemic period was revealed, depending on attained age and occupational radiation dose (p < 0.05). The effect of COVID-19 incidence on overall mortality was modified by several risk factors, among which attained age (p < 0.001) and accumulated external radiation dose (p = 0.03) exerted a significant influence.

Conclusions

Conclusions. COVID-19 incidence during the pandemic period had both direct and indirect effects on overall mortality among the population of Ozersk. Alongside the direct impact of COVID-19, age, and external radiation dose among PA «Mayak» workers, the combination of these factors is also important when assessing the dynamics of overall mortality during the pandemic. The obtained results are of interest for predicting the consequences of potential future pandemic situations and for developing effective strategies to protect the health of populations in nuclear industry cities.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.