mesЭкстремальная биомедицинаExtreme Medicine3033-89643033-8972Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.47183/mes.2021.064mes-38Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWАллергия на латексLatex allergyГулькоС. В.GulkoS. V.

Москва

Moscow 

БабаджановаГ. Ю.BabadjanovaG. Yu.

Гульнара Юсуповна Бабаджанова

Ореховый бульвар, д. 28, г. Москва, 115682

Goulnara Y. Babadjanova

Orekhovy bul'var, 28, 115682, Moscow

Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова Министерства образования РоссииРоссияLomonosov Moscow State University, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian FederationRussian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияPulmonology Research Institute, Federal Medical Biological AgencyRussian Federation2023221020242542638Copyright © Гулько С.В., Бабаджанова Г.Ю., 20242024Гулько С.В., Бабаджанова Г.Ю.Gulko S.V., Babadjanova G.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/38

Латекс, получаемый из сока каучукового дерева Hevea brasiliensis, используют для изготовления многих медицинских изделий, включая катетеры, баллоны и перчатки. Были идентифицированы сотни аллергенов из натурального каучукового латекса, 15 из которых присвоены официальные номера (от Hev b1 до Hev b15). Природные белки в каучуке связаны как с бессимптомной сенсибилизацией, так и с IgE-опосредованной гиперчувствительностью I типа. При обработке латекса добавляют химические антиоксиданты, которые также могут вызывать реакции гиперчувствительности IV типа. Аллергия на латекс — одна из наиболее частых причин анафилаксии в операционной, и ее распространенность возросла с увеличением использования латексных перчаток начиная с 1980-х гг. Она стала широко известной проблемой среди медицинских работников при ношении перчаток и вдыхании аэрозольных частиц. Цель настоящего обзора — изучение актуальных научных исследований и полученных данных в этой пока еще не до конца изученной области. Кроме этого, повышение информированности врачей и пациентов минимизирует имеющиеся риски появления аллергии на латекс.

Latex, made from Hevea brasiliensis sap, is the material used to make many medical products, including catheters, balloons and gloves. Hundreds of allergens from natural rubber latex have been identified, and 15 of them were numbered, from Hev b1 to Hev b15. Natural proteins in rubber cause both asymptomatic sensitization and type I IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. Treatment of latex makes use of chemical antioxidants that can also bring about type IV hypersensitivity reactions. Latex allergy is one of the most common causes of anaphylaxis in the operating room, and its prevalence has been growing since 1980s, together with the popularity of latex gloves. It is a well-known problem among medical professionals, with gloves and inhaled aerosol particles being the sources thereof. This study aimed to review the current scientific research and practical data in this only partially investigated area. In addition, increasing the awareness of doctors and patients minimizes the existing risks of latex allergy.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.