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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8964</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2025-410</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-410</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ВОПРОСЫ РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAIN TOPIC: MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ISSUES IN RADIATION SAFETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ранние и отдаленные изменения сенсомоторных показателей при фракционированном гамма-облучении в эксперименте</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Early and long-term alterations in sensorimotor parameters following fractionated gamma irradiation in an experimental setting</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8293-2730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атаманюк</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Atamanyuk</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Атаманюк Наталья Игоревна, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Озерск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya I. Atamanyuk, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>Ozersk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vita_pulhra@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5914-8913</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Обвинцева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Obvintseva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Обвинцева Надежда Александровна</p><p>Озерск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda A. Obvintseva</p><p>Ozersk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n_obvintseva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0769-8267</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шапошникова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaposhnikova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шапошникова Ирина Александровна, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Озерск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Shaposhnikova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>Ozersk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shaposhnikova@lenta.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7192-7239</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреев</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreev</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андреев Сергей Сергеевич, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Озерск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey S. Andreev, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>Ozersk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andreevsss@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5990-9118</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пряхин</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pryakhin</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пряхин Евгений Александрович, д-р биол. наук, профессор</p><p>Озерск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny A. Pryakhin, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor</p><p>Ozersk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pryakhin@urcrm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Уральский федеральный научно-клинический центр медицинской биофизики Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Southern Urals Federal Research and Clinical Center for Medical Biophysics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>187</fpage><lpage>196</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Атаманюк Н.И., Обвинцева Н.А., Шапошникова И.А., Андреев С.С., Пряхин Е.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Атаманюк Н.И., Обвинцева Н.А., Шапошникова И.А., Андреев С.С., Пряхин Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Atamanyuk N.I., Obvintseva N.A., Shaposhnikova I.A., Andreev S.S., Pryakhin E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/410">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/410</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Эпидемиологические исследования позволяют предположить, что ионизирующее излучение повышает риск развития нейродегенеративных заболеваний в отдаленном периоде после облучения, однако отмечается нехватка лонгитюдных исследований и экспериментальных работ для установления причинно-следственных связей между дозой облучения и потенциальными нейродегенеративными эффектами.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучение ранних и отдаленных изменений сенсомоторных показателей, характеризующих координацию у лабораторных животных, подвергнутых в раннем возрасте фракционированному гамма-излучению в различных дозах.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Эксперимент выполнен на мышах обоих полов (n = 400) линии C57Bl/6. Формировали 5 групп наблюдения: 2 контрольные группы и 3 группы с различными уровнями облучения по 80 особей каждая (40 самцов и 40 самок). Животных подвергали общему внешнему гамма-облучению в течение первого месяца жизни в кумулятивных дозах 0,1, 1 и 5 Гр, каждая доза была разделена на 20 фракций. Контрольные группы необлученных мышей включали: группу интактных животных — биологический контроль (n = 80) и группу ложного облучения (n = 80). Эффективный инструмент оценки симптомов нейродегенеративных заболеваний у животных — оценка моторной функции. Оценивали координацию облученных и контрольных животных в тесте ходьбы по сужающейся перекладине в возрасте 1, 6, 12 и 18 месяцев. Данные анализировали в программе Microsoft Exсel и с использованием языка программирования R.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлено влияние пола и возраста на сенсомоторные показатели, характеризующие координацию движений (лучше у самок, ухудшается с возрастом у животных обоих полов), при этом не обнаружено существенного влияния на изучаемые параметры фактора стресса, связанного с облучением животных. При сравнении стандартизованных по полу и возрасту сенсомоторных показателей у облученных животных и контрольных необлученных мышей выявлены зависимые от дозы изменения. Координация движений ухудшалась в отдаленные сроки у мышей при гамма-облучении в кумулятивной дозе 5 Гр, это проявлялось в увеличении числа ошибок более чем в 1,5 раза по сравнению с необлученными животными (t = 6,7; p &lt;&lt; 0,001). При облучении в кумулятивной дозе 0,1 Гр обнаружен обратный эффект: как в раннем, так и в отдаленном периоде повышалась скорость перемещения мышей по сужающейся перекладине относительно необлученного контроля (время ходьбы снижалось в среднем на 20% (p &lt; 0,001) в любом возрасте), в раннем периоде также снижалось число ошибок (t = 2,36; p = 0,02), что указывает на улучшение способности к координации.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Фракционированное гамма-облучение в раннем возрасте у животных вызвало зависимые от дозы изменения сенсомоторной функции: при облучении в кумулятивной дозе 0,1 Гр и в раннем, и в отдаленном периоде после облучения отмечено улучшение координации; при облучении в кумулятивной дозе 5 Гр в отдаленном периоде, в возрасте 18 мес., выявлены признаки ухудшения координации движений у мышей.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Epidemiological studies suggest that ionizing radiation increases the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases long after exposure; however, there is a notable lack of longitudinal studies and experimental research into establishing causal relationships between radiation dose and potential neurodegenerative effects.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. The work investigates early and long-term alterations in sensorimotor parameters characterizing coordination in laboratory animals subjected to a range of doses of fractionated gamma irradiation at a young age.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Experiments were carried out on mice of both sexes (n = 400) of the C57Bl/6 strain. Five observation groups were formed: two control groups and three groups with different radiation exposure levels, each made up of 80 individuals (40 males and 40 females). The animals underwent total external gamma irradiation during their first month of life at cumulative doses of 0.1 Gy, 1 Gy, and 5 Gy, with each dose divided into 20 fractions. The control groups of non-irradiated mice included: a group of intact animals serving as biological control (n = 80) and a sham-irradiation placebo group (n = 80). Evaluation of motor function is an effective tool for assessing symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases in animals. Coordination in irradiated and control animals was assessed using the tapered beam walking test at the ages of 1, 6, 12, and 18 months. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and the R programming language.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Sex and age were shown to influence sensorimotor parameters characterizing motor coordination (better in females, worsens with age in animals of both sexes), while no significant effect of the stress factor associated with animal irradiation was found on the studied parameters. A comparison of sex- and age-standardized sensorimotor parameters between irradiated animals and non-irradiated control mice revealed dose-dependent alterations. A deteriorated in motor coordination in the long term in mice exposed to gamma irradiation at a cumulative dose of 5 Gy manifested itself by a more than 1.5-fold increase in the number of errors compared to non-irradiated animals (t = 6.7; p &lt;&lt; 0.001). Conversely, irradiation at a cumulative dose of 0.1 Gy produced an opposite effect: both in the early and long-term periods, the speed of mouse movement along the tapered beam increased relative to the non-irradiated control (walking time decreased by an average of 20% (p &lt; 0.001) at any age), while in the early period, the number of errors also decreased (t = 2.36; p = 0.02), indicating an improvement in coordination ability.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Fractionated gamma irradiation at a young age induced dose-dependent alterations in sensorimotor function in animals: irradiation at a cumulative dose of 0.1 Gy resulted in improved coordination both in the early and long-term periods post-exposure; whereas irradiation at a cumulative dose of 5 Gy led to signs of impaired motor coordination in the long term, at 18 months of age.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>облучение</kwd><kwd>координация движений</kwd><kwd>сенсомоторная функция</kwd><kwd>нейродегенеративные заболевания</kwd><kwd>отдаленные эффекты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>irradiation</kwd><kwd>motor coordination</kwd><kwd>sensorimotor function</kwd><kwd>neurodegenerative diseases</kwd><kwd>long-term effects</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа была выполнена в рамках государственного задания Федерального медико-биологического агентства № 27.003.23.800.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the work was performed as part of State Assignment No. 27.003.23.800 from the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ушаков ИБ. 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