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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8964</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2025-413</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-413</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ВОПРОСЫ РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAIN TOPIC: MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ISSUES IN RADIATION SAFETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разработка критериев для сортировки облученных лиц на основе анализа дицентрических хромосом: пилотное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development of criteria for triage of exposed individuals based on dicentric chromosome analysis: A pilot study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4394-2228</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахмадуллина</surname><given-names>Ю. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmadullina</surname><given-names>Yu. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахмадуллина Юлия Рафисовна, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Озерск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia R. Akhmadullina, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>Ozersk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akhmadullina.yul@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2555-2616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривощапова</surname><given-names>Я. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivoshchapova</surname><given-names>Ya. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кривощапова Яна Владимировна</p><p>Озерск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yana V. Krivoshchapova</p><p>Ozersk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yana_ho@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8699-2745</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куприянова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kupriyanova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куприянова Анастасия Вениаминовна</p><p>Озерск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya V. Kupriyanova</p><p>Ozersk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">roksiika@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Уральский федеральный научно-клинический центр медицинской биофизики</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Southern Urals Federal Research and Clinical Center for Medical Biophysics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>178</fpage><lpage>186</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ахмадуллина Ю.Р., Кривощапова Я.В., Куприянова А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ахмадуллина Ю.Р., Кривощапова Я.В., Куприянова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Akhmadullina Y.R., Krivoshchapova Y.V., Kupriyanova A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/413">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/413</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. При массовых радиационных инцидентах для медицинской сортировки облученных лиц необходимо иметь подход, позволяющий оперативно определить группу риска по развитию костномозговой формы острой лучевой болезни (ОЛБ).</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Разработка эффективных цитогенетических критериев для выявления людей с повышенным риском развития костномозговой формы ОЛБ при массовых радиационных инцидентах.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 12 доноров в возрасте 23–73 лет. Объектом исследования были стимулированные фитогемагглютинином Т-лимфоциты периферической крови. Образцы крови подвергали in vitro гамма-облучению в дозах 1 и 2 Гр с использованием установки ИГУР-1M. Цитогенетические препараты получали по стандартизированному цитогенетическому протоколу и окрашивали 2% раствором Гимзы. Изображения оцифровывали и анализировали с помощью Metafer/Ikaros (Metasystems, Германия). Оценивали частоту хромосомных аберраций на одну клетку. Проводили подсчет метафаз Т-лимфоцитов с дицентрическими хромосомами по порядку их встречаемости при анализе препарата. Для статистического анализа использовали программы Past 4.01 и SPSS Statistics 21.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Для принятия решения об отнесении потенциально облученного образца к дозовому диапазону, при котором вероятно развитие ОЛБ, необходимо проанализировать то количество метафаз Т-лимфоцитов, в которых будет идентифицировано пять дицентрических хромосом. В ходе исследования в образцах без облучения дицентрические хромосомы были выявлены у 33% обследуемых лиц. После in vitro облучения образцов крови в дозе 1 Гр средняя частота встречаемости дицентрических хромосом составила 0,073 ± 0,008 на одну клетку, в дозе 2 Гр — 0,28 ± 0,02 на одну клетку.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Разработан предварительный алгоритм разделения in vitro облученных цитогенетических образцов на дозовые диапазоны. Идентификация пятой дицентрической хромосомы по порядку анализа в первых 26 метафазах Т-лимфоцитов являлась основанием для отнесения исследуемого образца к дозовому диапазону от 2 Гр и выше. Если пятая дицентрическая хромосома была выявлена с 27-й по 85-ю метафазу, образец относили к дозовому диапазону от 1 Гр и выше. Если при анализе 85 метафаз было выявлено менее пяти дицентрических хромосом, образец относили к дозовому диапазону менее 1 Гр. Планируется продолжение исследований с доработкой алгоритма и валидацией результатов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. In the event of mass radiation incidents, medical triage of exposed individuals must enable rapid identification of individuals at risk of developing the hematopoietic form of acute radiation sickness (ARS).</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. Development of effective cytogenetic criteria for identifying individuals at increased risk of developing the hematopoietic form of ARS during mass radiation incidents.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study involved 12 donors aged 23–73 years. The study object was phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T-lymphocytes from peripheral blood. Blood samples were exposed to in vitro gamma-irradiation at doses of 1 Gy and 2 Gy using an IGUR-1M unit. Cytogenetic preparations were obtained according to a standardized cytogenetic protocol and stained with a 2% Giemsa solution. Images were digitized and analyzed using the Metafer/Ikaros (Metasystems, Germany) software package. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations per cell was assessed. Metaphases of T-lymphocytes with dicentric chromosomes were counted in the order of their occurrence during slide analysis. For statistical analysis, Past 4.01 and SPSS Statistics 21 software packages were used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The decision regarding the classification of a potentially irradiated sample as one falling into the dose range likely to cause ARS development should be based on an analysis of the number of T-lymphocyte metaphases required to identify five dicentric chromosomes. In the study, dicentric chromosomes were detected in samples without irradiation in 33% of the examined individuals. After in vitro irradiation of blood samples at a dose of 1 Gy, the average frequency of dicentric chromosomes was 0.073 ± 0.008 per cell, reaching 0.28 ± 0.02 per cell at a dose of 2 Gy.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. A preliminary algorithm for differentiating in vitro irradiated cytogenetic samples into dose ranges has been developed. The identification of the fifth dicentric chromosome in order of analysis within the first 26 T-lymphocyte metaphases served as the basis for assigning the sample to a dose range of 2 Gy and above. In cases where the fifth dicentric chromosome was identified between the 27th and 85th metaphase, the sample was assigned to a dose range of 1 Gy and above. In cases where fewer than five dicentric chromosomes were detected upon analysis of 85 metaphases, the sample was assigned to a dose range below 1 Gy. Future research will be aimed at refining the algorithm and validating the results.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дицентрическая хромосома</kwd><kwd>хромосомные аберрации</kwd><kwd>цитогенетический анализ</kwd><kwd>медицинская сортировка</kwd><kwd>гамма-облучение</kwd><kwd>острая лучевая болезнь</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dicentric chromosome</kwd><kwd>chromosomal aberrations</kwd><kwd>cytogenetic analysis</kwd><kwd>medical triage</kwd><kwd>gamma-irradiation</kwd><kwd>acute radiation sickness</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа выполнена в рамках государственного контракта № 27.501.24.2 от 17.06.2024 «Модернизация высокотехнологичных методов, направленных на выявление медицинских последствий радиационных воздействий на персонал ПО «Маяк» и население Уральского региона» (шифр «Медицинские последствия-24») в рамках ФЦП «Обеспечение ядерной и радиационной безопасности на 2016–2020 гг. и на период до 2035 г.».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the study was carried out within the framework of State Contract No. 27.501.24.2 dated 17.06.2024 “Modernization of High-Tech Methods Aimed at Identifying Medical Consequences of Radiation Exposure on Personnel of PA Mayak and the Population of the Urals Region” (code “Medical Consequences-24”) under the Federal Target Program “Ensuring Nuclear and Radiation Safety for 2016–2020 and for the Period up to 2035”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кутьков ВА. 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