mesЭкстремальная биомедицинаExtreme Medicine3033-89643033-8972Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.47183/mes.2026-429mes-429Research ArticleАВИАЦИОННАЯ И КОСМИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНАAVIATION & SPACE MEDICINEХарактеристика протеома крови здоровых добровольцев, отражающая процессы адаптации к длительной изоляцииCharacterization of the blood proteome of healthy volunteers reflecting adaptation processes to prolonged isolationhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-9117-9521ЛаринаИ. М.LarinaI. M.

Ларина Ирина Михайловна, д-р мед. наук

Москва

Irina M. Larina, Dr. Sci. (Med.)

Moscow

irina.larina@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2071-0443ПастушковаЛ. Х.PastushkovaL. Kh.

Пастушкова Людмила Ханифовна, д-р биол. наук

Москва

Liudmila Kh. Pastushkova, Dr. Sci. (Biol.)

Moscow

lpastushkova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9646-7275КаширинаД. Н.KashirinaD. N.

Каширина Дарья Николаевна, канд. биол. наук

Москва

Daria N. Kashirina, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)

Moscow

daryakudryavtseva@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9523-5635ГончароваА. Г.GoncharovaA. G.

Гончарова Анна Георгиевна, д-р мед. наук

Москва

Anna G. Goncharova, Dr. Sci. (Med.)

Moscow

goncharova.anna@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6078-3495ВеличковскаяС. Б.VelichkovskayaS. B.

Величковская Софья Борисовна, канд. психол. наук

Москва

Sofia B. Velichkovskaya, Cand. Sci. (Psych.)

Moscow

velichkovskaya@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-8169-0748ВилесовГ. П.VilesovG. P.

Вилесов Георгий Павлович

Москва

Georgy P. Vilesov

Moscow

ya.gosha1222@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1128-1795БржозовскийА. Г.BrzhozovskiyA. G.

Бржозовский Александр Геннадьевич, канд. биол. наук

Москва

Alexander G. Brzhozovskiy, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)

Moscow

agb.imbp@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2238-3458КононихинА. С.KononikhinA. S.

Кононихин Алексей Сергеевич, канд. физ.-мат. наук

Москва

Alexey S. Kononikhin, Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.)

Moscow

konoleha@ya.ruИнститут медико-биологических проблем РАНРоссияInstitute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationИнститут медико-биологических проблем РАН; Московский государственный лингвистический университетРоссияInstitute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow State Linguistic UniversityRussian FederationИнститут медико-биологических проблем РАН; Сколковский институт науки и технологийРоссияInstitute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Skolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyRussian Federation20242804202600Online First429Copyright © Ларина И.М., Пастушкова Л.Х., Каширина Д.Н., Гончарова А.Г., Величковская С.Б., Вилесов Г.П., Бржозовский А.Г., Кононихин А.С., 20242024Ларина И.М., Пастушкова Л.Х., Каширина Д.Н., Гончарова А.Г., Величковская С.Б., Вилесов Г.П., Бржозовский А.Г., Кононихин А.С.Larina I.M., Pastushkova L.K., Kashirina D.N., Goncharova A.G., Velichkovskaya S.B., Vilesov G.P., Brzhozovskiy A.G., Kononikhin A.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/429Введение

Введение. Длительная наземная изоляция с имитацией космической миссии вызывает различные адаптационные реакции организма в связи с воздействием комплекса экстремальных факторов на человека. Изучение данных реакций организма на молекулярном уровне позволит разработать наиболее качественный план медицинского обеспечения последующих космических миссий. Для оценки молекулярных механизмов адаптации хорошо себя зарекомендовали методы протеомики.

Цель

Цель. Исследование профиля протеомных физиологически активных компонентов крови у испытателей как критериев адаптационных стратегий физиологических систем организма в ответ на воздействие экстремальных факторов длительной изоляции при наземном моделировании факторов космического полета.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Изучение характеристик протеомных физиологически активных компонентов крови проведено у 6 здоровых испытателей-добровольцев в возрасте 27–38 лет (средний возраст 32,5 ± 5,5 года) в условиях 12-месячной изоляции («SIRIUS-23») в герметично замкнутом объекте с ограниченным объемом жилой и рабочей площади и лимитированными ресурсами для обеспечения жизнедеятельности. Методами масс-спектрометрии были исследованы образцы экстрактов сухих пятен крови. Статистический анализ проводился в программе Statistica 12 c применением непараметрического теста Манна – Уитни (p < 0,05). Биологические процессы, в которых участвуют выявленные белки, определены с помощью базы данных STRING.

Результаты

Результаты. Через 1 месяц изоляции достоверно увеличивается экспрессия 3 белков, которые участвуют в биологическом процессе «подавление фагоцитоза». Через 3 месяца изоляции достоверно увеличивается уровень концентрации 22 белков внеклеточного матрикса и экзосом. Через 6 месяцев изоляции достоверно увеличивается концентрация 33 белков, участвующих в процессах клеточного компонента или вовлеченных в регуляцию внеклеточной сигнализации.

Выводы

Выводы. Полученные данные позволили составить предварительную версию происходящих в организме биологических процессов, в которых участвуют белки с достоверно изменяющимся уровнем концентрации в условиях длительной изоляции в гермообъекте. Проведенное исследование расширяет представления о протеомных механизмах регуляции биологических процессов у здоровых лиц при моделировании факторов космического полета.

Introduction

Introduction. Due to exposure to a set of extreme factors, prolonged ground-based isolation simulating a space mission induces various adaptive responses in the body. The study of such organismal responses at the molecular level is important for the development of high-quality medical support plans for subsequent space missions. Proteomic methods have proven effective for assessing the molecular mechanisms of adaptation.

Objective

Objective. To study the profile of proteomic physiologically active components in the blood of test subjects as criteria for adaptive strategies of physiological systems in response to exposure to extreme factors of prolonged isolation during ground-based simulation of spaceflight factors.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The characteristics of proteomic physiologically active blood components were studied in six healthy volunteers aged 27–38 years (mean age 32.5 ± 5.5 years) under the conditions of a 12-month isolation (SIRIUS-23) in a hermetically sealed facility with limited living and working space and restricted resources for life support. Mass spectrometry methods were used to analyze dried blood spot samples. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 12 software with non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test (p < 0.05). The biological processes involving the identified proteins were determined using the STRING database.

Results

Results. Following one month of isolation, a significant increase in the expression of three proteins involved in the biological process of phagocytosis suppression was observed. Following three months of isolation, the concentration level of 22 extracellular matrix and exosome proteins significantly increased. Following six months of isolation, the concentration of 33 proteins involved in either cellular component processes or regulation of extracellular signaling significantly increased.

Conclusions

Conclusions. The data obtained allowed us to compile a preliminary version of biological processes, which involve proteins with reliably changing concentrations, during prolonged isolation in a specialized facility. The conducted study elucidates the proteomic mechanisms regulating biological processes in healthy individuals during the simulation of spaceflight factors.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.