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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8964</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2025-432</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-432</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СПОРТИВНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SPORTS MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ показателей крови у спортсменов с учетом уровня гематокрита</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of blood parameters in athletes taking into account hematocrit levels</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9051-9580</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гришина</surname><given-names>Ж. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishina</surname><given-names>Zh. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гришина Жанна Валерьевна, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhanna V. Grishina, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">grinzanetk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2732-5676</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гладышев</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gladyshev</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гладышев Никита Сергеевич</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita S. Gladyshev</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Krinege@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6807-7966</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макарова Галина Александровна, д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina A. Makarova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">makarovaga@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0877-648X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ключников</surname><given-names>С. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyuchnikov</surname><given-names>S. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ключников Сергей Олегович, д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey O. Klyuchnikov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">deti-fmba@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2671-7208</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бушуева</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bushueva</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бушуева Ирина Евгеньевна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina E. Bushueva</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bushuevaIE@sportfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный центр спортивной медицины Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research and Clinical Center of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation of Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научный центр хирургии им. академика Б.В. Петровского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кубанский государственный университет физической культуры, спорта и туризма</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State University of Physical Education, Sport and Tourism</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>234</fpage><lpage>241</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гришина Ж.В., Гладышев Н.С., Макарова Г.А., Ключников С.О., Бушуева И.Е., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гришина Ж.В., Гладышев Н.С., Макарова Г.А., Ключников С.О., Бушуева И.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grishina Z.V., Gladyshev N.S., Makarova G.A., Klyuchnikov S.O., Bushueva I.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/432">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/432</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Оценка гематологических параметров у профессиональных спортсменов требует особого подхода, в том числе к анализу уровня гематокрита, который может быть достаточно высоким, с учетом его осцилляции при напряженной мышечной деятельности и в условиях относительного покоя.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучение дополнительного влияния различных уровней гематокрита на показатели морфологического и биохимического состава крови, определяемые в рамках углубленного медицинского обследования (УМО) спортсменов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено ретроспективное исследование по данным медицинских карт спортсменов. Проанализировано 26 413 гематологических показателей, полученных при проведении УМО спортсменов сборных команд России. Гематокрит рассчитывался на автоматическом анализаторе Mindray BC-6200 как отношение объема эритроцитов к объему крови. Для гематокрита, гемоглобина, количества эритроцитов и среднего объема эритроцитов были построены непараметрические референсные интервалы по стандарту CLSI EP28-A3c. Ассоциации между гематокритом и показателями крови (липидный и белковый профиль, глюкоза, кислородтранспортная система, натрий, калий, магний, тромбоциты) оценивались ранговыми корреляциями Спирмена в крайних подвыборках (≤p25 и ≥p75 гематокрита). Значимыми считались только корреляции при значениях коэффициента Спирмена выше 0,5. Сравнение распределений показателей между центильными группами гематокрита проводилось попарно непараметрическим критерием Вилкоксона с FDR-поправкой.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Независимо от пола в нормальном диапазоне показателя гематокрита (25–75 процентилей) наблюдается его тесная положительная взаимосвязь с показателями гемоглобина (rs = 0,836) и количеством эритроцитов (rs = 0,631). При значениях гематокрита выше 75 процентиля тесную положительную взаимосвязь с ним проявляет концентрация гемоглобина (rs = 0,801) и количество эритроцитов (rs = 0,603). Что же касается значений показателя гематокрита ниже 25 процентиля, то здесь была выявлена его близкая к достоверной взаимосвязь с количеством эритроцитов (rs = 0,437), а также сильная положительная взаимосвязь с гемоглобином (rs = 0,839).</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. В разных процентильных диапазонах гематокрита выявлены достоверные различия многих биохимических показателей крови: чем выше гематокрит, тем выше концентрации регистрируемых параметров в сыворотке крови. Это обусловливает необходимость при анализе и оценке гематологических показателей у спортсменов учитывать, помимо целого ряда других факторов, возможное дополнительное влияние величины гематокрита.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Assessment of hematological parameters in professional athletes requires a special approach. This includes analysis of hematocrit levels, which can be quite high due to their significant oscillations during intense muscular activity and under conditions of relative rest.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. Study of the additional influence of various hematocrit levels on morphological and biochemical blood parameters, determined within the framework of the comprehensive medical examination (CME) of athletes.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A retrospective study was conducted using data from athletes’ medical records. A total of 26,413 hematological parameters obtained during the CME of athletes from Russian national teams were analyzed. Hematocrit was calculated using an automatic Mindray BC-6200 analyzer as the ratio of red blood cell volume to total blood volume. Nonparametric reference intervals for hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cell count, and mean corpuscular volume were constructed according to the CLSI EP28-A3c standard. Associations between hematocrit and blood parameters (lipid and protein profiles, glucose, oxygen transport system, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and platelets) were assessed using Spearman’s rank correlations within extreme sub-samples (≤ p25 and ≥ p75 of hematocrit). Only correlations with Spearman’s coefficient above 0.5 were considered significant. Comparisons of parameter distributions between percentile groups of hematocrit were performed pairwise using the nonparametric Wilcoxon test with an FDR correction.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Irrespective of sex, within the normal hematocrit range (25–75 percentiles), a strong positive correlation is observed with hemoglobin levels (rs = 0.836) and red blood cell count (rs = 0.631). For hematocrit values above the 75th percentile, a strong positive correlation is maintained with hemoglobin concentration (rs = 0.801) and red blood cell count (rs = 0.603). Regarding hematocrit values below the 25th percentile, a near-significant correlation was identified with red blood cell count (rs = 0.437), as well as a strong positive correlation with hemoglobin (rs = 0.839).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Across different percentile ranges of hematocrit, significant differences in numerous blood biochemical parameters were identified. Thus, the higher the hematocrit level, the higher the concentrations of the recorded parameters in the blood serum. This underscores the importance of taking into account, inter alia, the possible influence of the hematocrit level when evaluating hematological parameters in athletes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>профессиональные спортсмены</kwd><kwd>морфологический и биохимический состав крови</kwd><kwd>процентильные градации</kwd><kwd>гематокрит</kwd><kwd>углубленное медицинское обследование</kwd><kwd>спорт высших достижений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>professional athletes</kwd><kwd>morphological and biochemical blood composition</kwd><kwd>percentile gradations</kwd><kwd>hematocrit</kwd><kwd>comprehensive medical examination</kwd><kwd>high-performance sport</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование выполнено без спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the study was conducted without sponsorship.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кулиненков ОС, Лапшин ИА. 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