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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8964</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2026-437</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-437</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СПОРТИВНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SPORTS MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Наиболее частые клинические проявления последствий черепно-мозговой травмы у спортсменов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Long-term effects of traumatic brain injury in athletes: The most common clinical manifestations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4574-6506</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фещенко</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Feshchenko</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фещенко Владимир Сергеевич, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir S. Feshchenko, Cand. Sci. (Med.) </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vfmed@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9648-2336</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляев</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyaev</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поляев Борис Александрович, д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris A. Polyaev, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polyaev.boris@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0877-648X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ключников</surname><given-names>С. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyuchnikov</surname><given-names>S. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ключников Сергей Олегович, д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey O. Klyuchnikov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">deti-fmba@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-0118</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Завьялов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavialov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Завьялов Владимир Владимирович</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Zavialov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimirzavialov22@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1091-6907</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Николаевич Федоров</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr N. Fedorov </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fean777@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8356-1332</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поляков Михаил Игоревич</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail I. Polyakov</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">misha.polyakov.01@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2107-6525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сливин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Slivin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сливин Антон Вячеславович</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton V. Slivin</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anton-slivin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный центр спортивной медицины Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Center of Sports Medicine of Federal Medical and Biological Agency; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный центр спортивной медицины Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Center of Sports Medicine of Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Online First</issue-title><elocation-id>437</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фещенко В.С., Поляев Б.А., Ключников С.О., Завьялов В.В., Федоров А.Н., Поляков М.И., Сливин А.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фещенко В.С., Поляев Б.А., Ключников С.О., Завьялов В.В., Федоров А.Н., Поляков М.И., Сливин А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Feshchenko V.S., Polyaev B.A., Klyuchnikov S.O., Zavialov V.V., Fedorov A.N., Polyakov M.I., Slivin A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/437">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/437</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Черепно-мозговая травма (ЧМТ) — актуальная проблема в спорте высших достижений. Несмотря на то что большинство ЧМТ в спорте относятся к травмам легкой степени тяжести, частая периодичность их получения и, как следствие, кумулятивный эффект могут привести к негативному влиянию на здоровье спортсмена, которое может проявиться только спустя несколько лет после травмы, а иногда и после завершения спортивной карьеры.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Выявление наиболее частых клинических проявлений последствий черепно-мозговой травмы у действующих и завершивших спортивную карьеру спортсменов различных видов спорта.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведен анонимный опрос с помощью защищенной онлайн-платформы LimeSurvey с использованием собственного домена среди действующих и бывших 902 спортсменов сборных команд Российской Федерации по вопросам распространенности симптомов различных последствий перенесенной ЧМТ. Среди принявших участие 662 (73,4%) совершеннолетних и 240 (26,6%) несовершеннолетних спортсменов. Методология исследования основана на анкетировании и не включала объективные инструментальные обследования. Анкета, предлагаемая спортсменам, содержала вопросы, уточняющие анамнестические данные, а также наличие симптомов, которые могут выступать в качестве клинических проявлений последствий внутричерепных травм. Вся выборка спортсменов разделена по возрасту на момент опроса (совершеннолетние и несовершеннолетние). Дополнительно группа совершеннолетних спортсменов была разделена в зависимости от количества ЧМТ в анамнезе, наличия контактов/ ударов во время тренировок (контактные и неконтактные виды спорта), а также возраста (18–30; 31–40; 41–50 лет; старше 51 года). Статистический анализ данных осуществлялся с помощью пакета прикладных программ IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Распространенность сотрясения головного мозга среди совершеннолетних спортсменов статистически значимо выше, чем у несовершеннолетних (15,3% против 2,5%, р &lt; 0,001). Наиболее частыми у совершеннолетних спортсменов, имевших сотрясение головного мозга в анамнезе, были нарушения сна (36,6%) и зрения (23,8%), а также когнитивные (25,7%), поведенческие (22,8%) и аффективные (27,7%) нарушения. Вышеуказанные отклонения статистически значимо чаще встречались у спортсменов контактных видов спорта (р &lt; 0,05). У спортсменов в возрасте 18–30 лет наиболее часто отмечали аффективные нарушения и изменения сна, а в более старшем возрасте — нарушения зрения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Наиболее частые клинические проявления последствий ЧМТ у спортсменов представляют собой комплекс аффективных, когнитивных и поведенческих нарушений, а также ухудшение сна и зрения. Большинство последствий внутричерепных травм имеют неспецифические проявления, в связи с чем важным подходом к оптимизации системы медико-биологического обеспечения спортсменов, получивших ЧМТ, является непрерывный мониторинг состояния их здоровья после травмы с разработкой скрининговых мероприятий с последующим формированием групп риска и ранним выявлением нарушений, что позволит предупредить/замедлить их прогрессирование.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a pressing issue in high-performance sports. Although most sports-related TBIs are classified as mild, their frequent occurrence and resulting cumulative effect can negatively impact an athlete’s health. Furthermore, this impact may not become apparent until several years after the injury, and sometimes only after the athlete has retired from the sport.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To identify the most frequent clinical manifestations associated with the long-term effects of traumatic brain injury in active and retired athletes from various sports.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. In order to assess the prevalence of symptoms associated with various TBI consequences, a total of 902 active and former athletes from Russian national teams were surveyed anonymously using a secure online platform, LimeSurvey, with a proprietary domain. The participants included 662 (73.4%) adult and 240 (26.6%) minor athletes. The study methodology was based on a questionnaire and did not include objective instrumental examinations. The questionnaire presented to the athletes contained questions clarifying anamnestic data and the presence of symptoms that could serve as clinical manifestations of the long-term effects of intracranial injuries. The entire sample of athletes was divided into groups according to age at the time of the survey (adults and minors). The group of adult athletes was also subdivided based on the number of TBIs in their history, the presence of contact/impacts during training (contact and non-contact sports), and age (18–30 years; 31–40 years; 41–50 years; ≥ 51 years). Statistical data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 software.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The prevalence of concussion among the adult athletes was statistically significantly higher than among the minors (15.3% vs. 2.5%, p &lt; 0.001). The most common issues reported by the adult athletes with a history of concussion were sleep (36.6%) and visual disturbances (23.8%), as well as cognitive (25.7%), behavioral (22.8%), and affective (27.7%) disturbances. The aforementioned abnormalities were statistically significantly more frequent in the athletes participating in contact sports (p &lt; 0.05). The athletes aged 18–30 years most commonly noted affective disturbances and changes in sleep, while visual disturbances were more prevalent in older age groups.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The most common clinical manifestations of TBI consequences in athletes consist of a complex of affective, cognitive, and behavioral disturbances, as well as impaired sleep and vision. Most consequences of intracranial injuries present with non-specific symptoms. Therefore, a crucial approach to optimizing the biomedical support system for athletes with a history of TBI consists in continuous monitoring of their health status post-injury. This involves developing screening protocols, followed by the formation of risk groups and early identification of impairments, which will help prevent or slow their progression.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>черепно-мозговая травма</kwd><kwd>сотрясение головного мозга</kwd><kwd>последствия черепно-мозговой травмы</kwd><kwd>спортсмены</kwd><kwd>синдром травматической энцефалопатии</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>изменения сна</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>traumatic brain injury</kwd><kwd>concussion</kwd><kwd>consequence of traumatic brain injury</kwd><kwd>athletes</kwd><kwd>traumatic encephalopathy syndrome</kwd><kwd>cognitive&#13;
impairments</kwd><kwd>sleep changes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование выполнено в рамках прикладной научно-исследовательской работы по теме: «Разработка методических рекомендаций по диагностике, коррекции и профилактике последствий внутричерепных травм у спортсменов спортивных сборных команд Российской Федерации» (шифр — «ЧМТ-23»), государственный контракт ФГБУ ФНКЦСМ ФМБА России (№ 107.002.23.14).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the study was carried out within the applied research work “Development of guidelines for the diagnosis, correction, and prevention of consequences following intracranial injuries in athletes from Russian national sports teams” (Code: TBI-23), under state contract of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia (No. 107.002.23.14).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Golub VM, Reddy DS. 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