mesЭкстремальная биомедицинаExtreme Medicine3033-89643033-8972Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.47183/mes.2023.046mes-48Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕORIGINAL RESEARCHРоль быстрого бега в предотвращении негативных влияний пребывания человека в невесомостиThe role of fast running in prevention of negative effects of prolonged exposure to weightlessnessФоминаЕ. В.FominaE. V.

Москва 

Moscow

СенатороваН. А.SenatorovaN. A.

Москва 

Moscow

БахтереваВ. Д.BakhterevaV D

Москва 

Moscow

ЯрмановаЕ. Н.YarmanovaE. N.

Москва 

Moscow

КозловскаяИ. Б.KozlovskayaI. B.

Москва 

Moscow

Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации — Институт медико-биологических проблем Российской академии наукРоссияState Scientific Center of Russian Federation — Institute of Biomedical Problems RASRussian Federation20232310202425498105Copyright © Фомина Е.В., Сенаторова Н.А., Бахтерева В.Д., Ярманова Е.Н., Козловская И.Б., 20242024Фомина Е.В., Сенаторова Н.А., Бахтерева В.Д., Ярманова Е.Н., Козловская И.Б.Fomina E.V., Senatorova N.A., Bakhtereva V.D., Yarmanova E.N., Kozlovskaya I.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/48

Перспектива освоения дальнего космоса определяет необходимость модификации принципов и методов системы профилактики негативного влияния невесомости на организм человека. Целью исследования было определить роль бега с высокой скоростью во время локомоторных тренировок, выполняемых в ходе космического полета (КП), в сохранении уровня физической работоспособности человека. В исследовании приняли участие 10 космонавтов. Оценка физической работоспособности проводилась на всех этапах КП на основе теста «Индивидуальные стратегии» (ТИС). Во время выполнения ТИС регистрировались частота сердечных сокращений (ЧСС), параметры газообмена, концентрация лактата в капиллярной крови. Космонавты были разделены на две группы на основе различий в среднем объеме бега с высокой скоростью в ходе одной тренировки на дорожке. В группе А (n = 4) средняя дистанция быстрого бега составила 949 м/день, в группе Б (n = 6) — 2669 м/день. ЧСС в группе А после КП увеличилась на ступенях от 5 до 8 км/ч (р < 0,05). Повышение легочной вентиляции после КП наблюдалось в группе А на ступенях нагрузки от 8 до 15 км/ч (р < 0,05). После КП концентрация лактата в капиллярной крови в периоде восстановления после теста в группе А увеличилась на 37% (р = 0,03). Пульсовая сумма работы и восстановления оказались выше после КП в группе А на 14% (р = 0,02) и 15% (р = 0,03) соответственно, в то время как в группе Б различий не обнаружено. Таким образом, наша гипотеза о том, что бег с высокой скоростью воспроизводит сенсорный приток, сопоставимый с условиями Земли, и, как следствие, обеспечивает включение физиологических механизмов, противодействующих негативному влиянию невесомости, подтверждена в космическом эксперименте.

The prospects of deep space exploration necessitate modification of the principles and methods underlying the system designed to prevent negative impact of weightlessness on the human body. This work aimed to determine how fast running, as part of locomotor training during a space flight (SF), helps maintain physical ability of a person. The study involved 10 cosmonauts; their physical performance was assessed at all stages of the SF with the help of the Individual Strategies Test (IST). The parameters registered when the participants were doing the IST included heart rate (HR), gas exchange, capillary blood lactate concentration. The cosmonauts were divided into two groups based on the differences in the mean distance covered while fast running on a treadmill (single session). Group A (n = 4) run 949 m/day on average, group B (n = 6) — 2669 m/day. After SF, HR in group A increased at speeds from 5 to 8 km/h (p < 0.05), pulmonary ventilation indicators grew at speeds from 8 to 15 km/h (p < 0.05), and the capillary blood lactate concentration measured during the post-test recovery period increased by 37% (p = 0.03). Moreover, after SF, the pulse sum recorded under load and during recovery was 14% (p = 0.02) and 15% (p = 0.03) in group A, respectively, while in group B we registered no differences. Thus, our hypothesis that fast running triggers sensory reactions simulatingEarth conditions for the body, which consequently activates physiological mechanisms counteracting the negative effects of weightlessness, has been confirmed in a space experiment.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.