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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8964</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2026-480</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-480</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АВИАЦИОННАЯ И КОСМИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AVIATION &amp; SPACE MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Взаимосвязь уровней белков крови и численности микроорганизмов вагинального биотопа у участниц 5-суточной «сухой» иммерсии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Correlation of blood protein levels and vaginal microbiota abundance in participants of a 5-day dry immersion experiment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4515</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комиссарова</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komissarova</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комиссарова Дарья Валерьевна, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria V. Komissarova</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.komisarova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9646-7275</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каширина</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashirina</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каширина Дарья Николаевна, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria N. Kashirina</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">daryakudryavtseva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2071-0443</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пастушкова</surname><given-names>Л. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pastushkova</surname><given-names>L. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пастушкова Людмила Ханифовна, д-р биол. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liudmila Kh. Pastushkova</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lpastushkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9117-9521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларина</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Larina</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ларина Ирина Михайловна, д-р мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina M. Larina</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irina.larina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3896-5003</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильин</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyin</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ильин Вячеслав Константинович, д-р мед. наук, профессор, член-корр. РАН</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viacheslav K. Ilyin</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">piton2004@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт медико-биологических проблем РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Biomedical Problems of the RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Online First</issue-title><elocation-id>480</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Комиссарова Д.В., Каширина Д.Н., Пастушкова Л.Х., Ларина И.М., Ильин В.К., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Комиссарова Д.В., Каширина Д.Н., Пастушкова Л.Х., Ларина И.М., Ильин В.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Komissarova D.V., Kashirina D.N., Pastushkova L.K., Larina I.M., Ilyin V.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/480">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/480</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В последнее время женщины все чаще участвуют как в наземных модельных экспериментах, имитирующих отдельные факторы космического полета, так и в реальных космических миссиях. Во время космических полетов организм человека подвергается воздействию разнообразных факторов, способных нести угрозу здоровью. Микрофлора человека при моделировании ряда факторов космического полета претерпевает негативные изменения: увеличивается доля условно-патогенной составляющей и снижается численность протективных микроорганизмов. Также происходят выраженные изменения в белковом профиле крови. Актуальность исследования обусловлена тесной взаимосвязью белкового профиля крови и состава вагинальной микробиоты: ее нарушения могут влиять на белковый обмен и биохимические показатели организма, провоцируя развитие патологий.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Выявление взаимосвязи между протеомом крови и бактериями вагинального биотопа у участниц эксперимента с 5-суточной «сухой» иммерсией.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследовании с «сухой» иммерсией принимали участие 7 женщин-добровольцев репродуктивного возраста (средний возраст 29 ± 1 год), которые на протяжении эксперимента не использовали антибактериальные препараты. Участницы были разделены на две группы: группа «Л + П» (n = 3) применяла напиток на основе лактоферрина (200 мг/сут) совместно с интравагинальными плацебо-свечами на основе глюкозы; группа «П + П» (n = 4) использовала плацебо-препарат (200 мг глюкозы) и интравагинальные плацебо-свечи (200 мг/сут мальтодекстрима). Образцы отделяемого влагалища и цервикального канала отбирали дважды: до начала эксперимента и через 5-7 дней после его завершения с синхронизацией мазков на 19–22-й дни менструального цикла. Каждой участнице выполнили микроскопию вагинального отделяемого и видовую идентификацию микроорганизмов методом MALDI-TOF MS-анализа. Исследование проб крови для проведения протеомного анализа проводили методами жидкостной хроматографии и масс-спектрометрии. Статистическая обработка данных выполнена с помощью программы Statistica 12.0. Для выявления кластеров среди белков, выделенных в результате факторного анализа, использовали платформу STRING.DB.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Протеомный анализ экстрактов сухих пятен крови позволил идентифицировать 818 различных белков. В результате факторного анализа до начала СИ выделено 7 факторов (согласно критерию Кайзера – Мейера – Олкина (КМО) включались данные с КМО ≥ 0,7, т.е. соответствующие приемлемой, высокой и безусловной адекватности данных для факторного анализа). При анализе полученных факторов было выявлено, что до начала СИ взаимосвязь между белками крови и бактериями определялась следующими процессами: убиквитинированием (37,9% дисперсии), иммунными реакциями (12,3% дисперсии) и гормональным фоном (13,7% дисперсии). После завершения эксперимента ключевую роль в системе «белок–бактерия» стали играть процессы убиквитинирования (37,1% дисперсии в группе «П + П»), иммунные механизмы (43,88% в группе «Л + П») и синтез эстрадиола (56,12 и 33,5% дисперсии в группах «Л + П» и «П + П» соответственно). Наибольшую чувствительность к белкам, ассоциированным с эстрадиолом, продемонстрировали следующие микроорганизмы: Lactobacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Staphylococcus spp. и Cutibacterium spp.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. До и после «сухой» иммерсии взаимодействие белков крови и бактерий определялось процессами убиквитинирования и иммунитетом; при этом после эксперимента связь в системе «белок–бактерия» усилилась, а наиболее чувствительными к белкам, вовлеченным в процессинг эстрадиола, оказались представители Lactobacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Staphylococcus spp. и Cutibacterium spp., что позволяет предполагать возможность укрепления колонизационной резистентности вагинальной микрофлоры через точечное воздействие на ряд биологических процессов в организме.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Recently, women have increasingly participated both in ground-based model experiments simulating specific spaceflight factors and in actual space missions. During spaceflight, the human body is exposed to various factors that may pose health risks. When modeling various spaceflight factors, the human microbiota undergoes adverse changes: the proportion of opportunistic microorganisms increases, while the abundance of protective microorganisms decreases. Pronounced changes also occur in the blood protein profile. The relevance of this study is due to the close relationship between the blood protein profile and the composition of the vaginal microbiota; disruptions in the microbiota can affect protein metabolism and biochemical parameters of the body, provoking the development of pathologies.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To identify the relationship between the blood proteome and the bacteria of the vaginal biotope in participants of a 5-day dry immersion experiment.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Seven female volunteers of reproductive age (mean age 29 ± 1 years) participated in the dry immersion study. The participants did not receive antibacterial treatment during the experiment. The subjects were divided into two groups: the L + P group (n = 3) consumed a lactoferrin-based drink (200 mg/day) together with intravaginal glucose-based placebo suppositories; the P + P group (n = 4) consumed a placebo preparation (200 mg glucose) and intravaginal maltodextrin placebo suppositories (200 mg/day). Vaginal and endocervical swab samples were collected twice: before the start of the experiment and 5–7 days after its completion, with smear collection synchronized to days 19–22 of the menstrual cycle. For each participant, vaginal smear microscopy was performed, and microorganisms were identified to species level using MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Blood samples for proteomic analysis were examined by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA 12.0. The STRING.DB platform was used to identify clusters among the proteins extracted from factor analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Proteomic analysis of dried blood spot extracts allowed identification of 818 distinct proteins. Using factor analysis before the start of dry immersion, seven factors were extracted (according to the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin criterion, only data with KMO ≥ 0.7, indicating acceptable, good, or excellent suitability for factor analysis, were included). Analysis of the extracted factors showed that before dry immersion, the association between blood proteins and bacteria was determined by the following processes: ubiquitination (37.9% of variance), immune responses (12.3% of variance), and hormonal status (13.7% of variance). After completion of the experiment, the key processes in the protein-bacterium relationship became ubiquitination (37.1% of variance in the P + P group), immune mechanisms (43.88% of variance in the L + P group), and estradiol synthesis (56.12% and 33.5% of variance in the L + P and P + P groups, respectively). The following microorganisms showed the greatest sensitivity to proteins associated with estradiol: Lactobacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Cutibacterium spp.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Before and after dry immersion, the interaction between blood proteins and bacteria was determined by ubiquitination and immune processes. After the experiment, the relationship within the protein-bacterium system became stronger, and the microorganisms most sensitive to proteins involved in estradiol processing were representatives of Lactobacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Cutibacterium spp. This suggests the possibility of strengthening the colonization resistance of the vaginal microbiota through targeted modulation of specific biological processes in the body.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>«сухая» иммерсия</kwd><kwd>микрофлора влагалища</kwd><kwd>протеомика</kwd><kwd>белки</kwd><kwd>убиквитинирование</kwd><kwd>пролактин</kwd><kwd>эстрадиол</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dry immersion</kwd><kwd>vaginal microbiota</kwd><kwd>proteomics</kwd><kwd>proteins</kwd><kwd>ubiquitination</kwd><kwd>prolactin</kwd><kwd>estradiol</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование выполнено в рамках тематик фундаментальных научных исследований FMFR-2024-0035 и FMFR-2024-0032.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the study was conducted within the framework of fundamental research topics FMFR-2024-0035 and FMFR-2024-0032.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ogunrinola GA, Oyewale JO, Oshamika OO, Olasehinde GI. 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