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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8964</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2026-513</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-513</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАДИОБИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RADIOBIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Профиль генетической нестабильности у лиц, подвергшихся воздействию малых доз ионизирующего излучения: пилотное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic instability profile in individuals exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation: A pilot study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2135-2051</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михалева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaleva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михалева Мария Андреевна, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariia A. Mikhaleva, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mihaleva@niigt.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0603-1137</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдина</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudina</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юдина Виктория Алексеевна, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktoriia A. Yudina, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yudina@niigt.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9119-065X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванова Кира Андреевна, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kira A. Ivanova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kaivanova87@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5450-2944</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакай</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakay</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бакай Марина Петровна, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina P. Bakay, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bakay@niigt.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9260-3025</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жернякова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zherniakova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жернякова Анастасия Андреевна, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiia A. Zherniakova, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhernyakova@niigt.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5958-0490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынкевич</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynkevich</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мартынкевич Ирина Степановна, д-р биол. наук</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina S. Martynkevich, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">martynkevich@niigt.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5083-915X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крысюк</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krysiuk</surname><given-names>O. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крысюк Олег Богданович, д-р мед. наук, профессорСанкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg B. Krysiuk, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">krysyuk@niigt.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7280-7100</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бессмельцев</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bessmeltsev</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бессмельцев Станислав Семенович, д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav S. Bessmeltsev, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bessmeltsev@niigt.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научно-исследовательский институт гематологии и трансфузиологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научно-исследовательский институт гематологии и трансфузиологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова; Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov; Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научно-исследовательский институт гематологии и трансфузиологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научно-исследовательский институт гематологии и трансфузиологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology; Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Online First</issue-title><elocation-id>513</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Михалева М.А., Юдина В.А., Иванова К.А., Бакай М.П., Жернякова А.А., Мартынкевич И.С., Крысюк О.Б., Бессмельцев С.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Михалева М.А., Юдина В.А., Иванова К.А., Бакай М.П., Жернякова А.А., Мартынкевич И.С., Крысюк О.Б., Бессмельцев С.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikhaleva M.A., Yudina V.A., Ivanova K.A., Bakay M.P., Zherniakova A.A., Martynkevich I.S., Krysiuk O.B., Bessmeltsev S.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/513">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/513</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Ионизирующее излучение — мутаген, оказывающий значительное воздействие на систему кроветворения. Предполагается, что инициирующим звеном радиационно-индуцированных патологических процессов, включая развитие клонального гемопоэза и последующую злокачественную трансформацию, является генетическая нестабильность в гемопоэтических стволовых клетках. Однако эффекты малых доз радиации на систему кроветворения остаются недостаточно изученными, что затрудняет оценку долгосрочных рисков для профессиональных групп (медицинский персонал, работники АЭС) и населения, подвергающегося хроническому низкодозовому облучению.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценка генетической нестабильности у работников атомной промышленности, имеющих длительный контакт с малыми дозами ионизирующего излучения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В проспективное одноцентровое исследование включены 35  работников атомной электростанции (80% мужчин, средний возраст 53 года) с задокументированным профессиональным облучением в малых дозах (среднегодовая эффективная доза 1,34 мЗв). У 15 участников выполнены цитогенетический анализ (оценка спонтанных хромосомных аберраций) и таргетное высокопроизводительное секвенирование панели из 118 генов, ассоциированных с клональным гемопоэзом.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Сверхвысокий уровень генетического риска (&gt;10 цитогенетических аберраций) выявлен у 53% обследованных (медиана 68, диапазон значений 14–257). Методом секвенирования нового поколения обнаружено 82 мутации в 45 генах-драйверах клонального гемопоэза (медиана 8 мутаций на человека), из которых 7% (n = 6) классифицированы как патогенные или вероятно патогенные при гематологических заболеваниях. Наиболее часто мутировали гены RYR1 (10%), ARID1A, KMT2C, KMT2D (по 5%). Преобладали замены G &gt; A и C &gt; T. У одного пациента с высоким генетическим риском (40 лет стажа, VAF 52,6% гена TET2) в течение 24 мес. наблюдения диагностирована лейкопения неясного генеза.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Длительное профессиональное воздействие малых доз ионизирующего излучения обусловливает кластогенный эффект и необходимость мониторинга генетической нестабильности у экспонированного персонала. Дальнейшие исследования должны быть сосредоточены на механизмах действия малых доз ионизирующего излучения, идентификации биомаркеров индивидуальной радиочувствительности и разработке когортно-ориентированных программ профилактики радиационно-индуцированных гематологических неоплазий.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Ionizing radiation is a mutagen that exerts a significant impact on the hematopoietic system. It is hypothesized that the initiating link in radiation-induced pathological processes, including the development of clonal hematopoiesis and subsequent malignant transformation, is genetic instability in hematopoietic stem cells. However, the effects of low radiation doses on the hematopoietic system remain insufficiently studied, which complicates the assessment of long-term risks for occupational groups (medical personnel, nuclear power plant workers) and the population exposed to chronic low-dose irradiation.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To assess genetic instability in nuclear industry workers with prolonged exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A prospective single-center study included 35 nuclear power plant workers (80% male, mean age 53 years) with documented occupational exposure to low doses (mean annual effective dose 1.34 mSv). In 15 participants, cytogenetic analysis (assessment of spontaneous chromosomal aberrations) and targeted high-throughput sequencing of a panel of 118 genes associated with clonal hematopoiesis were performed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. An extremely high level of genetic risk (&gt; 10 cytogenetic aberrations) was identified in 53% of the examined individuals (median 68, range: 14–257). By next-generation sequencing, 82 mutations were detected in 45 driver genes of clonal hematopoiesis (median 8 mutations per person), of which 7% (n = 6) were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic for hematological diseases. The most frequently mutated genes were RYR1 (10%), ARID1A, KMT2C, and KMT2D (5% each). G &gt; A and C &gt; T substitutions predominated. In one patient with high genetic risk (40 years of service, VAF 52.6% in the TET2 gene), leukopenia of undetermined significance was diagnosed during a 24-month follow-up period.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Prolonged occupational exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation induces a clastogenic effect and necessitates monitoring of genetic instability in exposed personnel. Further research should be focused on the mechanisms of action of low-dose ionizing radiation, identification of biomarkers of individual radiosensitivity, and development of cohort-oriented programs for the prevention of radiation-induced hematological neoplasms.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ионизирующее излучение</kwd><kwd>малые дозы радиации</kwd><kwd>генетическая нестабильность</kwd><kwd>мутации</kwd><kwd>цитогенетический анализ</kwd><kwd>генетический риск</kwd><kwd>работники атомной промышленности</kwd><kwd>АЭС</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ionizing radiation</kwd><kwd>low radiation doses</kwd><kwd>genetic instability</kwd><kwd>mutations</kwd><kwd>cytogenetic analysis</kwd><kwd>genetic risk</kwd><kwd>nuclear industry workers</kwd><kwd>nuclear power plant</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено в рамках государственного задания №  НИОКТР  124031500049-5 ФГБУ  РосНИИГТ ФМБА России.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of the state assignment No. R&amp;D 124031500049-5 of the Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маренный АМ, Киселев СМ, Семенов СЮ. 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