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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8964</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2026-518</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-518</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TOXICOLOGY &amp; CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кардиотоксичность яда гадюковых: систематический обзор клинических случаев острого инфаркта миокарда и токсического миокардита</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiotoxicity of Viperidae venom: A systematic review of clinical cases of acute myocardial infarction and toxic myocarditis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1297-5035</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ведерников</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vedernikov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ведерников Артем Андреевич</p><p>Тюмень</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tyumen</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">barterer55@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6086-4578</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Межонов</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mezhonov</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Межонов Евгений Михайлович, д-р мед. наук</p><p>Тюмень</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tyumen</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3201-382X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ведерникова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vedernikova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ведерникова Софья Андреевна</p><p>Тюмень</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tyumen</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2586-9217</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балина</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balina</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Балина Валентина Александровна, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Тюмень</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tyumen</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Областная клиническая больница № 1</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Областная клиническая больница № 1; Тюменский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1; Tyumen State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тюменский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tyumen State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Online First</issue-title><elocation-id>518</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ведерников А.А., Межонов Е.М., Ведерникова С.А., Балина В.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ведерников А.А., Межонов Е.М., Ведерникова С.А., Балина В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vedernikov A.A., Mezhonov E.M., Vedernikova S.A., Balina V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/518">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/518</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В России ядовитые змеи преимущественно представлены видами из семейства гадюковых. Ежегодно от укусов гадюк страдают несколько тысяч человек в России, малая часть этих случаев заканчивается летальным исходом, в основном по сердечно-сосудистым причинам. В российской медицинской литературе отсутствует изучение данного вопроса, в национальных клинических рекомендациях по профилю кардиологии не упоминается токсическое действие яда гадюк на сердце.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Систематизировать данные по токсическому действию яда змей семейства гадюковых на миокард человека.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Систематический обзор случаев был проведен в соответствии с критериями PRISMA 2020. Поиск осуществлялся в электронных базах данных PubMed, Google Scholar и eLibrary. В обзор вошло 30 публикаций (29 отчетов о случаях и 1 серия наблюдений), соответствующих критериям включения и исключения. Из каждой публикации были извлечены: страна случая, демографические данные, жизненно важные показатели, клиническая картина, лабораторные и инструментальные параметры, состояние коронарных артерий, исходы и проведенная терапия.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Проанализировано 22 случая инфаркта миокарда (ИМ) (71%), 17 (77,3%) из них — с подъемом сегмента ST, и 9 случаев токсического миокардита (ТМ) (29%). У 71% пострадавших отсутствовал предшествующий анамнез. Систолическое артериальное давление (САД) при ИМ было статистически значимо ниже, чем при ТМ (p = 0,0344). Медиана времени от укуса до развития ангинозных болей при ИМ составила 5,0 [0,3; 240] ч. В 75% случаев отмечены признаки гипокоагуляции, в 82,6% имелся лейкоцитоз, всегда нейтрофильный. Значимое изменение зубца Т обнаружено у 26,6% пациентов, преимущественно в виде инверсии зубца Т в грудных отведениях, как в группе с ИМ, так и в группе с ТМ. При ИМ элевация сегмента ST фиксировалась в 77,3%, из них в 52,9% случаев критериальный подъем сегмента ST был в передних отведениях, а в 47,1% — в нижних отведениях. У 2 пациентов обнаружена желудочковая тахикардия, в обоих случаях при ИМ. В 1 случае при ТМ наблюдалась выраженная атриовентрикулярная блокада, потребовавшая установки постоянного электрокардиостимулятора (ЭКС). В 55% случаев были зафиксированы изменения по эхокардиографии, глобальный гипокинез выявлен в 18,2% ТМ. Медиана фракции выброса левого желудочка для ИМ составила 56,0 [40,0; 62,0]%, для ТМ — 37,5 [30,0; 45,0]% (p = 0,0858). В 8 случаях (62,5% ИМ и 37,5% ТМ) коронарные артерии по данным коронарной ангиографии были интактны, в 5 случаях (100% ИМ) визуализировался крупный пристеночный тромб, и в 1 случае при ИМ у пациента 74 лет выявлено значимое атеросклеротическое поражение коронарного русла. В 11,8% случаев на фоне ИМ с подъемом сегмента ST выполнен тромболизис ретеплазой и тенектеплазой. 40,9% пациентов с ИМ получали двойную антиагрегантную терапию. В 22,6% случаев возникала необходимость переливания компонентов крови с целью коррекции нарушений свертываемости крови. Проведение гемодиализа упоминается в 2 публикациях, оба случая — при ИМ. 25,8% пострадавших перенесли клиническую смерть сразу после укуса змеи или на этапе поступления. Итоговая летальность составила: 22,7% для ИМ и 22,2% для пациентов, перенесших ТМ.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Сердечно-сосудистые осложнения после укуса гадюк происходят редко, но могут иметь широкий спектр исходов, включая остановку сердца, злокачественные желудочковые аритмии, потребность в установке электрокардиостимулятора, переливание компонентов крови, гемодиализ, смерть. Особенности ведения данной группы больных, включая применение антидота, — вопросы для будущих исследований.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. In Russia, venomous snakes are mainly represented by species from the viper family. Several thousand people suffer from viper bites each year in Russia; a small proportion of these cases are fatal, primarily due to cardiovascular causes. There is no study of this issue in the Russian medical literature, and the national clinical guidelines in cardiology do not mention the toxic effects of viper venom on the heart.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To systematize data on the toxic effect of venom from snakes of the Viperidae family on the human myocardium.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A systematic review of cases was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 criteria. The search was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary. The review included 30 publications (29 case reports and 1 case series) that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. From each publication, the following data were extracted: country of the case, demographic data, vital signs, clinical presentation, laboratory and instrumental parameters, condition of the coronary arteries, outcomes, and therapy administered.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Twenty-two cases of myocardial infarction (MI) (71%) were analyzed, 17 of which (77.3%) were ST-segment elevation MIs, and 9 cases of toxic myocarditis (TM) (29%). Seventy-one percent of the affected individuals had no prior medical history. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the MI group was statistically significantly lower than in the TM group (p = 0.0344). The median time from the bite to the onset of anginal pain in the MI group was 5.0 [0.3; 240] h. Signs of hypocoagulation were observed in 75% of cases, and leukocytosis (always neutrophilic) was present in 82.6% of cases. Significant T-wave changes were found in 26.6% of patients, predominantly as T-wave inversion in the chest leads, occurring in both the MI and TM groups. In MI cases, ST-segment elevation was recorded in 77.3%; among these, criterion ST-segment elevation was in the anterior leads in 52.9% and in the inferior leads in 47.1%. Ventricular tachycardia was detected in 2 patients, both with MI. In one TM case, severe atrioventricular block occurred, requiring implantation of a permanent pacemaker (PPM). Echocardiographic changes were documented in 55% of cases, with global hypokinesis observed in 18.2% of TM cases. The median left ventricular ejection fraction was 56.0 [40.0; 62.0]% for MI and 37.5 [30.0; 45.0]% for TM (p = 0.0858). In 8 cases (62.5% MI and 37.5% TM), the coronary arteries were intact according to coronary angiography; in 5 cases (100% MI), a large mural thrombus was visualized; and in 1 MI case (a 74-year-old patient), significant atherosclerotic coronary artery disease was found. Thrombolysis with reteplase and tenecteplase was performed in 11.8% of cases of ST-segment elevation MI. Dual antiplatelet therapy was administered to 40.9% of patients with MI. Blood component transfusion was required in 22.6% of cases to correct coagulation disorders. Hemodialysis was mentioned in two publications, both in MI cases. Clinical death occurred in 25.8% of the affected individuals immediately after the snake bite or upon admission. Overall mortality was 22.7% for MI and 22.2% for patients who developed TM.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Cardiovascular complications after viper bites are rare but can have a wide range of outcomes, including cardiac arrest, malignant ventricular arrhythmias, the need for pacemaker implantation, blood component transfusion, hemodialysis, and death. The management of this group of patients, including the use of antivenom, remains a topic for future research.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гадюка</kwd><kwd>семейство гадюковых</kwd><kwd>змеиный яд</kwd><kwd>токсическое воздействие</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>инфаркт миокарда</kwd><kwd>миокардит</kwd><kwd>укусы змей</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>viper</kwd><kwd>Viperidae</kwd><kwd>snake venom</kwd><kwd>toxic effect</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>myocardial infarction</kwd><kwd>myocarditis</kwd><kwd>snake bites</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено без спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out without sponsorship.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Langley RL, Kearney GD. 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