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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8964</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2026-520</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-520</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: ПРИКЛАДНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ СПОРТИВНОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAIN TOPIC: APPLIED ASPECTS OF SPORTS MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Принятие врачебных решений в области нутритивной поддержки спортсменов: доказательный и персонифицированный подход (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Decision-making in sports nutrition: An evidence-based and personalized approach (a review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9051-9580</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гришина</surname><given-names>Ж. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishina</surname><given-names>Zh. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гришина Жанна Валерьевна, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhanna V. Grishina, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">grinzanetk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-6194</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадыкова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadykova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кадыкова Анастасия Игоревна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia I. Kadykova</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KadykovaAI@sportfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2732-5676</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гладышев</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gladyshev</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гладышев Никита Сергеевич</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita S. Gladyshev</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">GladyshevNS@sportfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9927-5608</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копылов</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopylov</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Копылов Евгений Дмитриевич</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy D. Kopylov</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KopylovED@sportfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-9761</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жолинский</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zholinsky</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жолинский Андрей Владимирович, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Zholinsky, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ZholinskiiAV@sportfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4574-6506</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фещенко</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Feshchenko</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фещенко Владимир Сергеевич, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir S. Feshchenko, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vfmed@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8389-3841</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деев</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Deev</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Деев Роман Вадимович, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman V. Deev, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">DeevRV@sportfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный центр спортивной медицины Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Center for Sports Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный центр спортивной медицины Федерального медико-биологического агентства; &#13;
Российский научный центр хирургии им. академика Б.В. Петровского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Center for Sports Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency; Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>359</fpage><lpage>369</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гришина Ж.В., Кадыкова А.И., Гладышев Н.С., Копылов Е.Д., Жолинский А.В., Фещенко В.С., Деев Р.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гришина Ж.В., Кадыкова А.И., Гладышев Н.С., Копылов Е.Д., Жолинский А.В., Фещенко В.С., Деев Р.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grishina Z.V., Kadykova A.I., Gladyshev N.S., Kopylov E.D., Zholinsky A.V., Feshchenko V.S., Deev R.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/520">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/520</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Нутритивная поддержка спортсменов высокого класса существенно влияет на работоспособность и здоровье атлетов, включая процессы восстановления и адаптации к тренировочным нагрузкам, состав тела и состояние иммунной системы. Вместе с тем на практике назначения специализированных продуктов для питания спортсменов (СПП) нередко носят эмпирический характер и не всегда основываются на оценке фактического рациона спортсмена, его энергетической доступности, а также лабораторных показателях и особенностях тренировочного процесса. Это повышает риск необоснованного назначения СПП и биологически активных добавок к пище (БАД).</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Систематизация современных подходов к принятию врачебных решений в области нутритивной поддержки спортсменов и разработка практико-ориентированной модели выбора компонентов нутритивной программы.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Выделены ключевые этапы принятия врачебного решения: определение цели, оценка энергетической доступности и базового питания, лабораторная верификация предполагаемых нарушений, стратификация риска, выбор минимально достаточного вмешательства в виде СПП и БАД. Показано, что в большинстве случаев первоочередное значение имеет коррекция основного рациона питания, тогда как дополнительная нутритивная поддержка должна применяться «точечно» и при наличии клинических или лабораторных показаний.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. На основании современных данных литературы разработан алгоритм принятия врачебных решений в области нутритивной поддержки профессиональных спортсменов. Рациональная нутритивная поддержка спортсменов должна строиться на принципах доказательности, персонализации, клинической безопасности и динамического наблюдения. Врачебное решение должно базироваться не на расширении схемы применяемых СПП и БАД, а на последовательном алгоритме: рацион → таргетная диагностика → клинически обоснованное вмешательство → оценка динамики. Приоритет — коррекция базового питания и энергетической доступности; СПП и БАД применяются адресно и при доказанной пользе и безопасности для конкретного вида нагрузки.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Nutritional support for elite athletes significantly affects performance and health, including recovery and adaptation to training loads, body composition, and immune system status. At the same time, in practice, the prescription of specialized sports nutrition products (SSNPs) is often empirical and fails to account for the athlete’s actual diet, energy availability, laboratory parameters, and specific features of the training process. This increases the risk of unjustified prescription of SSNPs and dietary supplements.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. Systematization of current approaches to clinical decision-making in the field of nutritional support for athletes and development of a practice-oriented model for selecting components of a nutritional program.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. The following key stages in clinical decision-making were identified: defining the goal, assessment of energy availability and baseline nutrition, laboratory verification of suspected deficiencies, risk stratification, selection of a minimally sufficient intervention in the form of SSNPs and dietary supplements. In most cases, the correction of the baseline diet was shown to be a priority, whereas additional nutritional support should be applied in a targeted manner and only when clinical or laboratory indications are present.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Based on current literature data, an algorithm for clinical decision-making in the field of nutritional support for professional athletes has been developed. Rational nutritional support for athletes should rely on the principles of evidence-based practice, personalization, clinical safety, and dynamic monitoring. Clinical decision-making should be based not on the expansion of the regimen of SSNPs and dietary supplements used, but on a sequential algorithm: diet → targeted diagnostics → clinically justified intervention → assessment of dynamics. The correction of baseline nutrition and energy availability is the priority; SSNPs and dietary supplements should be applied in a targeted manner and only when their benefits and safety for the specific type of exercise have been established.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спортивная медицина</kwd><kwd>нутритивная поддержка</kwd><kwd>врачебное решение</kwd><kwd>энергетическая доступность</kwd><kwd>синдром&#13;
относительного дефицита энергии</kwd><kwd>REDs</kwd><kwd>дефицит железа</kwd><kwd>витамин D</kwd><kwd>эргогенные средства</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>персонифицированный&#13;
подход</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sports medicine</kwd><kwd>nutritional support</kwd><kwd>clinical decision-making</kwd><kwd>energy availability</kwd><kwd>relative energy deficiency syndrome</kwd><kwd>REDs</kwd><kwd>iron&#13;
deficiency</kwd><kwd>vitamin D</kwd><kwd>ergogenic aids</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>personalized approach</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках прикладной НИР по теме: «Разработка системы поддержки принятия врачебных решений с использованием геномных данных и алгоритмов машинного обучения для медико-биологического сопровождения спортсменов сборных команд Российской Федерации» (шифр «СППВР-25–27»). Государственное задание № 388-00001-26-00.002.24.800 от 09.01.2024.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of applied research on the topic: “Development of a clinical decision support system using genomic data and machine learning algorithms for medical and biological support of athletes of the national teams of the Russian Federation” (code: “SPPVR-25-27”). 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