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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8964</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2026-542</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-542</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АВИАЦИОННАЯ, КОСМИЧЕСКАЯ И МОРСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AVIATION, SPACE &amp; MARYTIME MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Групповые и индивидуальные особенности ортостатической устойчивости у участников годового изоляционного эксперимента SIRIUS-23</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Group and individual characteristics of orthostatic tolerance in participants of the one-year SIRIUS-23 isolation experiment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1627-2379</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федчук</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedchuk</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федчук Мария Владимировна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fedchmaria@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3749-588X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попова Ольга Владимировна</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olya.popovaolga2710@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6658-8079</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Русанов</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rusanov</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Русанов Василий Борисович, д-р биол. наук, доцент</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusvb@imbp.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт медико-биологических проблем Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Online First</issue-title><elocation-id>542</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Федчук М.В., Попова О.В., Русанов В.Б., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Федчук М.В., Попова О.В., Русанов В.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fedchuk M.V., Popova O.V., Rusanov V.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/542">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/542</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Длительная изоляция и гипокинезия приводят к снижению ортостатической устойчивости, что представляет серьезную проблему для безопасности космических экипажей, особенно в перспективе межпланетных миссий. Несмотря на многолетние исследования, физиологические механизмы сосудистой дисфункции в этих условиях остаются до конца не ясными, а индивидуальные предикторы ортостатической неустойчивости не определены.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Анализ изменений регуляторных механизмов сердечно-сосудистой системы на основе оценки вариабельности сердечного ритма и гемодинамических показателей в ответ на ортостатическую пробу в ходе годового изоляционного эксперимента SIRIUS-23.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование проведено в рамках изоляционного эксперимента SIRIUS-23 (в течение 12-месячной изоляции) в наземном экспериментальном комплексе с участием 6  здоровых добровольцев: 2  мужчин (возраст 34  ±  3  года, ИМТ 24,9 ± 2,8 кг/м²) и 4 женщин (возраст 30 ± 5 лет, ИМТ 23,1 ± 2,2 кг/м²). Выполнено 5 измерительных сессий во время изоляции с интервалом 2–3 месяца, начиная с 1-го месяца пребывания в гермообъекте, а также фоновая сессия за 1–3 сут до начала изоляции и контрольная — в период последействия. В каждой сессии проводили активную ортостатическую пробу с регистрацией показателей вариабельности сердечного ритма и гемодинамики. Результаты исследований были обработаны с применением пакета прикладных программ Statgraphics 18.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Условия изоляции приводили к статистически значимому снижению частоты сердечных сокращений в покое (F = 3,43; p = 0,011) и выраженному уменьшению вегетативной реактивности при ортостазе начиная с 3-го месяца изоляции: относительный прирост LF-компонента значимо снижался (F = 3,29; p = 0,015), отрицательный прирост HF становился более выраженным (F = 3,64; p = 0,009). Индивидуальный анализ выявил значительную гетерогенность реакций, при этом у большинства испытуемых «экономизация» вегетативной регуляции носила адаптивный характер (прирост среднего динамического давления при ортостазе оставался стабильно положительным). Однако у одной из участниц к концу изоляции была отмечена декомпенсация в виде истощения симпатической вазомоторной активации (LF при ортостазе снижался до 197 мс² против 480 мс² лежа, HF — до 16 мс²), что обусловливало уменьшение прироста среднего динамического давления вплоть до отрицательных значений.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Определяющим фактором ортостатической устойчивости служит состояние вегетативной нервной системы, а не антропометрические показатели или аэробная мощность. Полученные данные обосновывают необходимость индивидуального мониторинга вегетативной регуляции для прогнозирования рисков дезадаптации в экстремальных условиях.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Prolonged isolation and hypokinesia are known to reduce orthostatic tolerance, posing a significant safety risk for space crews, particularly in the context of prospective interplanetary missions. Despite extensive research, the physiological mechanisms driving vascular dysfunction in these conditions remain poorly understood, and no reliable individual predictors of orthostatic intolerance have been identified to date.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To analyze changes in the regulatory mechanisms of the cardiovascular system based on heart rate variability and hemodynamic parameters in response to an orthostatic challenge during the one‑year SIRIUS‑23 isolation experiment.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study was conducted as part of the SIRIUS‑23 isolation experiment, during a 12‑month isolation period, in a ground‑based experimental facility. Six healthy volunteers participated: two men (age 34 ± 3 years, BMI 24.9 ± 2.8 kg/m²) and four women (age 30 ± 5 years, BMI 23.1 ± 2.2 kg/m²). Five assessment sessions were scheduled at 2–3-month intervals throughout the isolation period, beginning one month after confinement. Additionally, a baseline session was carried out one to three days prior to the start of isolation, and a follow‑up (post‑exposure) session was conducted during the recovery period. In each session, an active orthostatic test was performed with recording of heart rate variability (HRV) and hemodynamic parameters. The data were processed using the Statgraphics 18 software package.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Exposure to isolation conditions resulted in a statistically significant reduction in resting heart rate (F = 3.43; p = 0.011) and a marked decline in autonomic reactivity during the active stand test from Month 3 onward. Specifically, the relative increase in the LF component was significantly blunted (F = 3.29; p = 0.015), whereas the HF component exhibited a pronounced negative increase (F = 3.64; p = 0.009). Individual analysis revealed considerable heterogeneity in response patterns. In most participants, the observed “economization” of autonomic regulation appeared to be adaptive, as the rise in mean arterial pressure during orthostasis remained consistently positive. However, one female participant exhibited signs of decompensation by the end of the isolation period, manifested as exhaustion of sympathetic vasomotor activation: the LF component during orthostasis decreased to 197 ms² compared with 480 ms² in the supine position, and HF dropped to 16 ms². This resulted in a diminished rise in mean arterial pressure, which reached negative values.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The key determinant of orthostatic tolerance is the state of the autonomic nervous system, rather than anthropometric parameters or aerobic capacity. The obtained data substantiate the need for individual monitoring of autonomic regulation to predict the risks of maladaptation in extreme conditions.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ортостатическая неустойчивость</kwd><kwd>вариабельность сердечного ритма</kwd><kwd>вегетативная нервная система</kwd><kwd>гемодинамика</kwd><kwd>среднее динамическое давление</kwd><kwd>изоляционный эксперимент</kwd><kwd>гипокинезия</kwd><kwd>адаптация</kwd><kwd>индивидуальный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>orthostatic intolerance</kwd><kwd>heart rate variability</kwd><kwd>autonomic nervous system</kwd><kwd>hemodynamics</kwd><kwd>mean arterial pressure</kwd><kwd>isolation experiment</kwd><kwd>hypokinesia</kwd><kwd>adaptation</kwd><kwd>individual analysis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках базовой тематики РАН FMFR-2024-0042 и проекта РНФ № 25-44-02045.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of the basic research topic of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) FMFR‑2024‑0042 and the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) project No. 25‑44‑02045.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Котовская АР, Колотева МИ. 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