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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экстремальная биомедицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extreme Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-8964</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-8972</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47183/mes.2024-26-3-40-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mes-57</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВИРУСОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>VIROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Молекулярно-генетическая характеристика и филогенетический анализ российских и зарубежных вариантов вируса кори 2020–2024 гг.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular and genetic characteristics from phylogenetic analysis of Russian and foreign variants of measles virus 2020–2024</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8306-3466</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черняева</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyaeva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черняева Eкатерина Николаевна, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">echernya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4657-0634</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>K. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морозов Кирилл Владимирович</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">morozov.kv15@physics.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6301-9169</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мацвай</surname><given-names>A. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matsvay</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мацвай Aлина Дмитриевна, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AMatsvay@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9129-3109</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуськова</surname><given-names>M. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guskova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гуськова Mария Сергеевна, канд. физ.-мат. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">MGuskova@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8229-7260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Некрасов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nekrasov</surname><given-names>A. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Некрасов Андрей Юрьевич</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ANekrasov1@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0979-3409</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стеценко</surname><given-names>И. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stetsenko</surname><given-names>I. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стеценко Иван Федорович</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">IStecenko@cspmz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1934-9857</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Носова</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nosova</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Носова Анастасия Олеговна </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anosova.o@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1931-2026</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курская</surname><given-names>О. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurskaya</surname><given-names>O. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Курская Ольга Григорьевна, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kurskaya_og@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9734-0620</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестопалов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestopalov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шестопалов Александр Михайлович, докт. биол.</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shestopalov2@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9734-0620</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шипулин</surname><given-names>Г. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shipulin</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шипулин Герман Александрович, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shipulin@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Черняева Е.Н., Морозов K.В., Мацвай A.Д., Гуськова M.С., Некрасов А.Ю., Стеценко И.Ф., Носова А.О., Курская О.Г., Шестопалов А.М., Шипулин Г.A., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черняева Е.Н., Морозов K.В., Мацвай A.Д., Гуськова M.С., Некрасов А.Ю., Стеценко И.Ф., Носова А.О., Курская О.Г., Шестопалов А.М., Шипулин Г.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chernyaeva E.N., Morozov K.V., Matsvay A.D., Guskova M.S., Nekrasov A.Y., Stetsenko I.F., Nosova A.O., Kurskaya O.G., Shestopalov A.M., Shipulin G.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/57">https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/57</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Молекулярно-генетическое исследование штаммов Measles morbillivirus, позволяющее оценивать гетерогенность клинически значимых штаммов, определять источники заражения и пути передачи инфекции, в настоящее время является актуальной задачей. В последние два года наблюдается рост заболеваемости корью в России и других странах. В данной работе мы даем генетическую характеристику клинических штаммов вируса кори, выявленных в 2023–2024 гг., и сравниваем их с глобальными вариантами, а также с российскими штаммами, выявленными в предыдущие годы.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Молекулярно-генетическая характеристика штаммов вируса кори, выявленных в России в период повышенной заболеваемости в 2023– 2024 гг. в двух крупных городах — Москве и Новосибирске, и их дальнейший филогенетический анализ.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включены 40 полученных в Москве и Новосибирске в 2023–2024 гг. последовательностей генома вируса кори, выделенного из образцов назофарингеального мазка. Данные сравнивали со штаммами, собранными в России в мае 2023 г., депонированными ЦНИИ эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора, и штаммами, собранными в 2020 и 2021 гг. в Москве.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Изученные нуклеотидные последовательности Measles morbillivirus разделены на разные филогенетические группы в пределах генотипа D8. Для образцов генотипа B3, собранных в 2020 и 2023 гг., проведен сравнительный анализ с целью определения региона происхождения. Филогенетический анализ российских и зарубежных вариантов вируса кори позволяет предположить, что штаммы, циркулирующие в настоящее время в России, могут быть разновидностью штаммов, ранее циркулировавших в других странах и независимо распространившихся в России в 2023 г. Проведен анализ наиболее частых нуклеотидных замен в различных генах вируса кори. Определены наиболее вариабельные гены, на основе которых можно расширить филогенетический анализ.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Предложенный подход к молекулярно-генетическому исследованию полных и частичных последовательностей геномов клинических штаммов вируса кори, обнаруженных в 2023–2024 гг. в Москве и Новосибирске, дал возможность выделить подгруппы, отличающиеся по происхождению. Сравнение секвенированных нами штаммов Measles morbillivirus с глобальными последовательностями позволило обнаружить близкие последовательности, выявленные как в 2023 г., так и в предыдущие годы на территории различных стран мира. Из анализа эпидемически значимых штаммов Measles morbillivirus следует, что использование гена N позволяет с высокой достоверностью определять основной генотип, однако не является достаточным для изучения путей передачи вируса.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Over the past two years, there has been an increase in measles morbidity in Russia and other countries. In order to assess the heterogeneity of clinically significant strains of Measles morbillivirus to reveal the sources of infection and transmission routes strains, a molecular genetic study thus becomes an urgent task. In this paper, a genetic identification of clinical strains of measles virus detected in 2023–2024 is compared with global variants as well as Russian strains detected in previous years.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Forty measles virus genome sequences isolated from nasopharyngeal swab samples obtained in Moscow and Novosibirsk in 2023–2024 were included in the study. The data were then compared with strains collected in Russia in May 2023 and deposited at the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, as well as strains collected in 2020 and 2021 in Moscow.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The nucleotide sequences of studied Measles morbillivirus strains were categorized into different phylogenetic groups within genotype D8. For samples of genotype B3 collected in 2020 and 2023, a comparative analysis was performed to identify the region of origin. Phylogenetic analysis of Russian and foreign variants of measles virus suggests that strains currently circulating in Russia may be a variety of strains that had previously circulated in other countries and independently spread to Russia in 2023. After analyzing the most frequent nucleotide substitutions in various measles virus genes, the most variable genes were identified to provide a basis for the extension of phylogenetic analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The proposed approach to molecular genetic testing of complete and partial genome sequences of clinical isolate of measles virus detected in 2023–2024 in Moscow and Novosibirsk made it possible to identify strain subgroups that differ in origin. The comparison of the Measles morbillivirus strains sequenced in the present research with global sequences allowed us to detect similar sequences identified both in 2023 and in previous years in various countries of the world. The analysis of epidemiologically significant strains of Measles morbillivirus shows that N gene can be used to reliably determine the main genotype; however, this approach is not sufficient for studying the transmission pathways of the virus.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>корь</kwd><kwd>вирус кори</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетический анализ</kwd><kwd>филогенетический анализ</kwd><kwd>полногеномное секвенирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>measles</kwd><kwd>measles virus</kwd><kwd>molecular genetic testing</kwd><kwd>phylogenetic testing</kwd><kwd>full genome sequencing</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФМБА России № 388-03-2024-155</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed within the framework of the state assignment of FMBA of Russia № 388-03-2024-155</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. 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