mesЭкстремальная биомедицинаExtreme Medicine3033-89643033-8972Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency10.47183/mes.2024.018mes-61Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕORIGINAL RESEARCHВлияние хронического облучения на показатели цитогенетических маркеров старения у жителей прибрежных сел реки ТечаThe effect of chronic exposure on the parameters of cytogenetic markers of senescence in the residents of the Techa riverside settlementsАхмадуллинаЮ. Р.AkhmadullinaYu. R.

Юлия Рафисовна Ахмадуллина

ул. Воровского, д. 68А, г. Челябинск, 454141

Vorovskogo, 68A, Chelyabinsk, 454141

akhmadullina.yul@yandex.ruВозиловаА. В.VozilovaA. V.

ул. Воровского, д. 68А, г. Челябинск, 454141

Vorovskogo, 68A, Chelyabinsk, 454141

КривощаповаЯ. В.KrivoshchapovaY. V.

ул. Воровского, д. 68А, г. Челябинск, 454141

Vorovskogo, 68A, Chelyabinsk, 454141

Уральский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияUrals Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the Federal Medical Biological Agency; Chelyabinsk State University, ChelyabinskRussian FederationУральский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины Федерального медико-биологического агентстваРоссияUrals Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the Federal Medical Biological AgencyRussian Federation2024231020242625666Copyright © Ахмадуллина Ю.Р., Возилова А.В., Кривощапова Я.В., 20242024Ахмадуллина Ю.Р., Возилова А.В., Кривощапова Я.В.Akhmadullina Y.R., Vozilova A.V., Krivoshchapova Y.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.extrememedicine.ru/jour/article/view/61

Исследование влияния хронического низкоинтенсивного облучения на старение клеток иммунной системы имеет важное значение для понимания последствий воздействия облучения на здоровье человека и разработки мер минимизации негативных эффектов. Целью работы было исследовать влияние хронического низкоинтенсивного облучения человека на старение клеток иммунной системы с использованием цитогенетических маркеров. В работе оценили маркеры старения — нестабильность генома и истощение теломер в Т-лимфоцитах у облученных людей на Южном Урале (дозы облучения от 0,001 до 4,7 Гр, возраст — от 40 лет до 89 лет). Анализ данных показал, что хроническое воздействие повлияло на старение Т-клеток опосредованно. Частота нестабильных хромосомных аберраций у облученных лиц была статистически выше в 40–59 лет (p = 0,012). Частота лимфоцитов с микроядрами у облученных лиц наиболее различалась у мужчин и женщин (p = 0,001). Выявили статистически значимое снижение показателей длины теломер у облученных лиц (для хромосомных плеч 1q, 3p, 3q, 20p, 20q, 13q, 15p, 22q (p < 0,05); 19p, 21q (p < 0,01)).

The understanding of the exposure effects on the human health could be improved by analyzing the influence of the chronic low dose rate exposure on the senescence of the immune system cells. It will also help to develop the measures aimed at the mitigation of the adverse effects. The objective of the study is to investigate the influence of the chronic low dose rate exposure on the senescence of the immune system cells using the cytogenetic markers. In the course of the research the authors evaluated the cellular senescence markers — genome instability and telomere depletion — in T-lymphocytes of the individuals exposed in the Southern Urals (exposure doses were 0.001 Gy — 4.7 Gy, the age of examined people was 40–89 years). The data analysis has demonstrated that the effect of chronic exposure on the T-cell senescence was indirect. Unstable chromosome aberrations occurred statistically significantly more frequently in exposed people aged 40–59 years (p = 0.012). Frequency of lymphocytes with micronuclei in exposed individuals differed in men and women (p = 0.001). Statistically significant decrease in the telomere length was revealed (for the chromosome arms 1q, 3p, 3q, 20p, 20q, 13q, 15p, 22q (p < 0.05); 19p, 21q (p < 0.01)).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.