Транскрипционные факторы в скелетной мышце человека, ассоциированные с однократным и регулярными силовыми упражнениями

Пластичность скелетной мышцы — способность менять морфофункциональные свойства в ответ на изменение сократительной активности. Силовые тренировки ведут к увеличению размеров мышечных волокон и максимальной силы с активацией синтеза белков. Регуляция этих изменений на генном уровне мало изучена. Целью работы было выявить транскрипционные факторы, ассоциированные с изменением транскриптома скелетной мышцы человека при однократном и регулярных силовых упражнениях. Изменение транскриптомного профиля оценивали в m. vastus lateralis 10 молодых мужчин (возраст 23 (20,8–25,9) года) до и после 12-недельной силовой тренировки мышц-разгибателей ног, а также до, через 8 и 24 ч после однократного упражнения. Транскриптомные профили оценивали методом РНК секвенирования, поиска мотивов связывания и ассоциированных транскрипционных факторов. Использовали биоинформатические методы статистики, программы FastQC, GraphPad Prizm 8, DAVID, R. Длительная силовая тренировка привела к обогащению функциональных групп генов «секретируемые белки», «внеклеточный матрикс» и «базальная мембрана» (p < 0,05). Транскриптомные ответы и ассоциированные транскрипционные факторы различались через 8 и 24 ч после однократной нагрузки, а также после регулярных тренировок. Транскрипционные факторы, участвующие в адаптации к длительной и однократной нагрузке, участвуют в миогенезе, ангиогенезе, регуляции фенотипа волокон, протеостазе и иных процессах. Таким образом, регуляция экспрессии генов при адаптации к силовым нагрузкам — сложный процесс с участием множества транскрипционных факторов с разными функциями. Изучение роли этих факторов в адаптации скелетной мышцы к упражнениям является перспективной задачей.

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