Структура острых отравлений химической этиологии в мегаполисе на фоне пандемии COVID-19 в 2020–2021 гг.

Распространение COVID-19 в России обусловило проведение ограничительных мероприятий. Связанная с ними стрессовая ситуация оказала заметное психоэмоциональное воздействие на население, что не могло не отразиться на эпидемиологии острых отравлений химической этиологии (ООХЭ). Целью исследования было изучить структуру ООХЭ в Москве в условиях пандемии COVID-19. Проанализированы данные обследования лиц, поступивших с ООХЭ в НИИ СП имени Н. В. Склифосовского в 2019–2021 гг., с учетом динамики выявляемости СОVID-19 методом ОТ-ПЦР. Для статистической обработки результатов использовали непараметрические методы и программное обеспечение GraphPad Prism 9. В 2020 г. количество госпитализированных с ООХЭ было наибольшим за анализируемый период. По сравнению с 2019 г. число острых отравлений (ОО) этанолом и его суррогатами в 2020 г. у лиц обоего пола возросло на 109,7%, у женщин — на 286,2%. У мужчин чаще (р < 0,0001) регистрировали также ОО наркотиками и разъедающими веществами. Число случаев ОО наркотиками в 2019–2021 гг. менялось незначительно, увеличиваясь на 2,4 и 6,7% ежегодно. Преобладали синтетические наркотические вещества: метадон, катиноны, психостимуляторы, а также смеси веществ. Выявлены соответствие тенденций помесячной динамики интоксикаций этанолом с выявляемостью COVID-19 и отсутствие такового при отравлениях наркотиками. Установлены характерные особенности структуры ООХЭ в столице на фоне пандемии COVID-19: рост числа ОО, связанных со злоупотреблением алкоголем (особенно у женщин), при сравнительно стабильном уровне ОО, обусловленных наркопотреблением.

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